Özet:

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of disability and death due to the complications accompanying this disease. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance has increased worldwide during the last decades, despite the development of effective drug therapy and improved clinical diagnoses. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that individuals who maintain a physically active lifestyle are much less likely to develop impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Additional to protective effect of physical activity for individuals at highest risk of developing diabetes mellitus, physical activity has positice impacts on fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level for patients overt diabetes. The essential mechanism of exercises is enhancing sensitivity of insulin on pheripheral tissues (especially skeletal muscle). With exercise training significant improvements in glucose metabolism is observed in many of these studies. Especially, the improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise training observed better in high magnitude of aerobic exercises. Also adaptation of patients is very high to combined type exercises. However worldwide standardization of these training programmes in many of the studies is lacking and current practice in daily life is unsatisfactory.

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