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Bu çalışma, Kanadalı yazar Margaret Atwood’un “Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü” (The Handmaid’s Tale) adlı romanını yeniden üretim olarak tanımlanan üreme politikaları çerçevesinde, feminist edebiyat eleştirisi yöntemiyle ele alır. Bir feminist distopya örneği olan roman, sağlıklı doğurgan kadınların, ekolojik nedenlerle çocuk sahibi olamayan üst düzey ailelere hizmet etmek üzere görevlendirildikleri ve salt yeniden üretim mülkü haline getirildikleri izole edilmiş bir düzeni anlatır. Feminizmin ikinci dalgasında biyolojik farklılık kavramına eğilen yaklaşım, kadının doğasına vurgu yaparak “özcü” bir anlayışla hak arayışlarını sürdürmüştür ancak kadınların kamusal alandan dışlanarak özel alana hapsedilmesi ile sonuçlanan bazı söylemlerle örtüşmesi bakımından eleştirilmiştir. 20. yüzyılın en etkili kadın siyaset felsefecilerinden biri olarak tanınan Hannah Arendt’in “doğarlık” (natality) anlayışı da, düşünürün kendisini hiçbir zaman feminist hareket içinde konumlandırmamış olmasına karşın, aynı itiraz noktalarından hareketle tenkit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Arendt’in tekillik ve tutsaklığa karşı çoğulluk ve özgürlüğü simgelemesi bakımından “mucize” olarak nitelediği doğum fenomeninin distopik tahayyülünü, “Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü” örneğinde tartışmayı amaçlar. Biyopolitika literatürüne feminist yaklaşımların imkânını araştıran çalışmada, her devirde devletin tasarruf yetkisi altında bulunan doğumun, sadece pozitif eylem potansiyeline sahip olmadığı kavramın özgürlükçü ya da baskıcı rejimler eliyle iki farklı anlam dünyası tarafından kuşatılabileceği sonucuna erişilmiştir.
This study deals with the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood’s novel “The Handmaid’s Tale” (The Handmaid’s Tale) in the framework of reproductive policies that are redefined as reproductive, with the method of feminist literary criticism. The novel, an example of a feminist dystopia, tells us about an isolated order in which healthy fertile women are assigned to serve the highest-level families that are unable to have children for ecological reasons and are simply re-production property. In the second wave of feminism, the approach to the concept of biological diversity continued to seek rights with a "scientific" understanding by emphasizing the nature of the woman; but it was criticized in terms of the confusion of women with some statements resulting in the imprisonment of women from the public space and in the private space. 20 is. Hannah Arendt’s concept of “naturality”, known as one of the most influential female political philosophers of the century, has also been pushed by movement from the same points of opposition, despite the fact that the thinker has never placed himself in a feminist movement. This study aims to discuss Arendt’s distopic imagination of the birth phenomenon, which he describes as a “miracle” in terms of symbolizing multiplicity and freedom against unity and prison, in the example of “The Girl’s Story of the Fatherhood”. In the study, which explores the possibility of feminist approaches to biopolitical literature, it has come to the conclusion that the birth under the authority of the state of savings in every turn has not only the potential for positive action; that the concept can be surrounded by two different worlds of meaning by the hands of liberalistic or oppressive regimes.
This study recontextualizes Canadian writer Margaret Atwood's novel “The Handmaid's Tale” following the method of feminist literary criticism within the framework of reproductive policies defined as reproduction. The novel, as an example of feminist dystopia, describes an isolated regime in which healthy women are assigned to serve elite childless families due to the ecological conditions. These women are charged with breeding in the fictional Gilead Republic's caste system and turned into reproductive properties. The second wave of feminism is criticized for its “essentialist” understanding that emphasizes the very nature of women as this approach coincides with some discourses on the exclusion of women from the public sphere and the confinement of them into the private sphere. Hannah Arendt, known as one of the most influential political philosophers of the 20th century, has also been criticized for the same motives, although the philosopher herself never took a position on behalf of feminist movement. This study aims to discuss the dystopic imagination of the phenomenon of natality, which Arendt calls “miracle” as the metaphor of plurality and freedom against singularity and captivity, in the case of “The Handmaid’s Tale”. The study, investigating the possibility of feminist approaches to biopolitical literature, concluded that birth, which is under the authority of the state, does not only have the potential for positive action. The concept can be surrounded by two different semantic fields under libertarian or repressive regimes.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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