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19. yüzyıl Ege bölgesi incelendiğinde vakıf tarım işletmeleri olarak genelde zeytinlikler gözlemlenmiştir. Ege bölgesinde zeytinlikler ise Edremid, Kemeredremid, Ayvalık ve Ayvacık’da yoğun olarak görülmüştür. 1826’da Evkaf Nezareti kurulmasından önce vakıf zeytinlikler mütevelliler ile sonrasında ise personelinin gözetiminde iltizam ile kiraya verilmiştir. Bu durum 1926 yılı Evkaf Umum Müdürlüğü’nün bütçe kanundaki yeni hükme kadar süregelmiştir. İltizam sürecinde öncelikle taşradaki bulundukları yerde yetkililer huzurunda bir müzayede yapıldığı ve sonrasında uygun görünen talibin mültezim olarak seçildiği, mültezimin kefilin ve diğer şartların yazılarak merkeze gönderildiği görülmektedir. Böylece merkezden uygun görülen mültezim için izin istenmiştir. Çalışmada vakıf tarım işletmelerinin iltizam süreci, sorunları, arşiv belgeleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Vakıf, Tarım işletmeleri, Mültezim, İltizam Iltızam process and problems in Waqf agricultural enterprises in Ottoman Empire in 19th century: Abstract: When the 19 th century Agean region was analyzed, olive groves were generally observed as Waqf agricultural enterprises. Before the establisment of Ministry of Waqfs in 1826, the Waqf olive groves were rented with trustees and then under supervision of their staff with iltizam. This situation continued until the new provision in the budget law of the Genereal Directorate of Waqfs in 1926. In the process of iltizam,it was observed that an auction was held in the presence of the mukhtars in the provinces where they were located, and then the suitor who seemed to be eligible was selected as multazim, and multazim was sent to center by writing the guarantor and other conditions. Thus, permission was requested from center fort he appropriate refugee from time to time. İn this study, the process of tax farming, problems, and archival documents of agricultural enterprises were analyzed. Keywords:Waqf, Agricultural Enterprises,Multazim, Iltizam
When the 19 th century Agean region was analyzed, olive groves were generally observed as Waqf agricultural enterprises. In the Aegean region, olive groves were observed extensively in Edremid, Kemeredremid, Ayvalık and Ayvacık. Before the establisment of Evkaf Nezareti in 1826, the Waqf olive groves were rented with trustees and then under supervision of their staff with tax-farming. In 1839, with the declaration of Tanzimat, waqf olive groves were managed by the tax-collectors. However, in 1842-43, the exclusion was removed and started to be managed again with tax-farming. However, some waqf olive groves were also handled by government account. This situation continued until the new provision in the budget law of the Evkaf Umum Müdürlüğü in 1926. İn thisstudy, the structure of waqf agricultural enterprises problems, and archival documents of agricultural enterprises were analyzed. The developments in the tax- farming process, in which we encountered the first examples of business problems that led to the inefficiency of waqf resources in the Ottoman period, continued to take on other names and forms until recently.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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