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Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 pandemisinin yarattığı risk ve korku sürecinde öne çıkan aktör olan Sağlık Bakanı Dr. Fahrettin Koca’nın ideolojik ya da siyasi olmaktan öte, daha çok bilimsel bir alanda ve pandemi sürecinde gerçekleştirdiği konuşmaların söylem özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de ilk Covid-19 vakasının açıklandığı tarih olan 11 Mart 2020 ile kontrollü sosyal hayata geçilen 11 Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında Bilim Kurulu toplantıları sonrasında gerçekleştirilen toplam 15 adet basın açıklaması cümleler halinde ayrıştırılmış ve 1.801 adet veri elde edilmiştir. Veriler “Retoriğin Beş Kanonu” ve “Aristoteles’in Üç İkna Kanıtı” bağlamında betimsel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenerek SPSS veri analiz programına kodlanmış, daha sonra Frekans (N) ve CrossTab (Çapraz Tablo) yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Aristoteles’in üç ikna kanıtına yönelik yapılan analize göre öne çıkan ikna bileşeninin logos olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Logos dâhilinde, mantıki gerekçeler ve kanıtlarla kamuoyunu ikna etmeye yönelik çabanın hedefinin, pandeminin yarattığı kriz sürecinde ihtiyaç duyulan güven duygusunu yansıtmak ve panik yayılımının kontrolünü sağlanmak olduğu söylenebilir. Retoriğin beş kanonuna yönelik yapılan analizde, konuşmaların bölümlere ayrılarak yapılandırıldığı, üzerinde durulan konuların bağlamının anlaşılması için yeterli bilgi sağlamak adına öyküleme bölümlerine ve açıklamalara ağırlıklı olarak yer verildiği, ikna öğelerinin alt bileşenlerinin kullanımının ilgili her bölümde konunun bağlamına göre düzenlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Açıklamalarda yalın ve kısa cümlelerin yer aldığı, bununla birlikte süslülük unsurlarına da yer verildiği ve konuşmacının beden dilini etkin şekilde kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Konuşmaların Türkiye’nin geneline hitaben yapıldığı ve sıklıkla tıbbi açıklamalar içerdiği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda cümlelerin doğru bir strateji ile yapılandırıldığı görülmektedir. Kullanılan yalın dil ile iletişimde yaşanacak anlamsal kazaları en aza indirmenin, süslülük unsurları ile kamuoyunun ilgisini devam ettirmenin ve söylemi canlı tutmanın hedeflendiği söylenebilir. Bu bulgular, basın açıklamalarında retorik unsurlarının geniş kapsamda yer aldığını göstermektedir.
In this study, the objective is to reveal the speaking characteristics of the speeches that the Minister of Health Dr. Fahrettin Koca, a prominent actor in the risk and fear process created by the Covid-19 pandemic, beyond being ideological or political, in a more scientific field and in the pandemic process. For this purpose, the date of the first Covid-19 case in Turkey was revealed on 11 March 2020 and the date of the 11 May 2020 that was translated into controlled social life after the Scientific Council meetings, a total of 15 press statements were divided into sentences and 1,801 data were obtained. The data was studied in the context of the "Five Channels of Retory" and "Aristotle's Three Confessions" by the visual content analysis method, coded into the SPSS data analysis program, and then analyzed using the Frequency (N) and CrossTab (CrossTab) methods. According to the analysis of Aristotle’s three evidence of conviction, the outstanding component of conviction is logos. In the logos, it can be said that the goal of the effort to convince the public with logical reasons and evidence is to reflect the sense of confidence needed in the crisis process that the pandemic creates and to ensure the control of the spread of panic. In the analysis of the five canons of the rhetoric, it was found that the conversations were structured in sections, and that the narrative sections and explanations were mainly included in order to provide sufficient information to understand the context of the topics focused on, and that the use of the subcomponents of the persuasion elements in each section was organized according to the context of the topic. It is determined that the explanations contain simple and short sentences, but it is also included in the decoration elements and that the speaker uses the body language effectively. Considering that the talks are addressed to Turkey in general and often contain medical explanations, it seems that the phrases are structured with a correct strategy. It can be said that the aim is to minimize the meaningful accidents that will occur in communication with the used single language, to keep the interest of the public with the decoration elements and to keep the speech alive. These findings show that the rhetorical elements in the press statements are widely included.
This study sought to reveal discourse characteristics in speeches made by the Minister of Health, Fahrettin Koca, pertaining to Covid-19 rather than ideological or political matters. Koca has been the most prominent actor in managing the risk and fear caused by Covid-19. The speeches in question were delivered after Scientific Committee meetings during the period from 11 March 2020, when the first case of Covid-19 appeared in Turkey, to May 11, 2020, when controls on social life were first applied. A total of 15 press statements were analyzed and were divided into individual sentences to obtain 1,801 individual pieces of data. The data were examined using qualitative and quantitative content analysis in the context of the “Five Canons of Rhetoric” and Aristotle’s “Three Modes of Persuasion.” They were then coded into SPSS for analysis, which allowed frequency (N) and cross tabulations (CrossTabs) to be calculated. Analysis based on Aristotle’s three modes of persuasion demonstrated that logos was the most prominent persuasion component. The apparent goal of convincing the public with justifications and evidence rooted in logos reflects the need to engender trust during the pandemic crisis and to control the spread of panic. Analysis based on the five canons of rhetoric showed that speeches were structured with clear sections. Narrative sections and explanations were included predominantly to provide sufficient information to contextualize the topics under discussion, and the use of sub-components of persuasion was tailored to the context of the subject in each relevant section. A preference for plain and short sentences was also identified, but ornamentation was also present and the speaker used body language effectively. Considering that the speeches addressed all of Turkey and frequently included medical explanations, they were clearly structured carefully. The use of plain language was likely designed to reduce potential semantic accidents, while elements of ornamentation helped to sustain public interest and to enliven the discourse. These findings indicate that rhetorical elements are widely present in press statements.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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