Özet:

The role of democratic movements in the formation process of Turkish nationalism emerged prominently, particularly in the final years of the Ottoman Empire and during the establishment of Turkey. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the reforms and democratic initiatives in the Ottoman Empire strengthened the quest for national identity and nationalist sentiments. Reforms such as the Tanzimat and Islahat Edicts emphasized democratic principles such as equality, justice, and the supremacy of law. However, these processes also exacerbated tensions among ethnic and religious groups and fueled nationalist sentiments. With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish nationalism further intensified, laying the foundations for modern Turkey. The period of the Second Constitutional Era witnessed the establishment of a multi-party democratic system, during which nationalist movements and political parties emerged among various ethnic groups. Following the Turkish War of Independence under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkish nationalism became the state ideology with the founding of the Republic of Turkey. Atatürk amalgamated Turkish nationalism with principles that formed the basis of a democratic, secular, and modern state. Therefore, the role of democratic movements in the formation of Turkish nationalism began with the reforms and democratic developments in the final years of the Ottoman Empire and continued with Turkey's process of modernization and the establishment of the republic.

Anahtar Kelimeler: