Abstract:

This research aims to determine the state of Islamic Legal Methodology during the nineteenth century in the Islamic world, specifically focusing on the final century of the Ottoman Empire, and its stance towards events. Additionally, besides other similar studies in the field, it is intended to have a complementary aspect in terms of subject and period. Indeed, the fundamental rights and freedoms, equality, citizenship, and demands for innovations in the judicial domain that emerged influenced by the French Revolution, apart from the Ottoman Empire, attracted the attention of Ottoman intellectuals. The efforts they initiated quickly yielded influential results among the public and the administration. Undoubtedly, various social events occurred internally, such as the proclamation of the Tanzimat Edict and legal developments like the Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye, alongside significant occurrences like World War I and the forced population displacement. Simultaneously, the Ottoman governing system came to an end, the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye was established, the caliphate was abolished, and the Republic of Türkiye based on a republican administration was founded. Thus, in the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, which held a prominent position as a general political representative of the Islamic world, saw the formation of opinions among its intellectuals, particularly in the field of legal science. To identify the views of this era, especially those related to legal science, the library databases and authorities were searched. The primary texts, commentaries, annotations, and various articles found in the field of legal methodology during this period were chronologically organized under specific headings, and intellectual currents that formed around various publications were identified and evaluated. Intellectual and ideological groups in the realm of action played a role in shaping the foundational principles of the modern era through their methods and directions.

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