Özet:

Penconazole, a triazole fungicide, is widely used worldwide to increase agricultural production and to control fungus. Bivalves, especially mussels, are specific biomonitor organisms of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This study deals with the possible toxic effects of exposure to penconazole on Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Total-ATPase activities in the gills of freshwater mussels (Unio mancus). In this context, freshwater mussels were exposed to different concentrations of penconazole (1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg AI L-1) in 96 hours static-renewal test system. The commercial form of penconazole (TOPAS® 100 EC, Syngenta, Germany) was used in toxicity tests. The actual penconazole concentrations in the exposure media were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. According to the LC-MS/MS analysis results, the actual penconazole concentrations in the exposure media were determined to be approximately 25% lower than the nominal penconazole concentrations. After 96 hours of exposure, the highest concentration of penconazole caused significant inhibition of ATPase activities except Mg2+-ATPase activity (P < 0.05). The observed data indicated that acute penconazole exposure may be a potential risk for freshwater mussels and that ATPase enzymes are important and useful biochemical markers for aquatic toxicology studies.

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