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2020 yılının başlarında Çin’de ortaya çıkan ve daha sonra dünyanın geneline yayılan COVID-19 küresel salgını ulusal, bölgesel ve küresel ölçekteki birçok hareketliliği (insan, sermaye, mal, ticaret, göç vs.) etkilemiş, ancak bunlar içerisinde en fazla etkilenen ise turizm hareketliliği olmuştur. Turist akışının yasaklanması, ülke sınırlarının kapatılması, uçak seferlerinin durdurulması ve ulusal sınırlar içerisinde bile geçişlere belli bir süre izin verilmemesi, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde turizm hareketliliğini tamamen durma noktasına getirmiştir. Her ne kadar “Yeni Normal Dönem”e geçişle birlikte seyahatlerde kısmi bir artış görülse de, modern insanın alıştığı eski normal dönemin turizm hareketliliğine geri dönüşün zor olduğu, geçmiş yıllarda alışılmış olan turizm faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmenin mümkün olmadığı, dolayısıyla önümüzdeki dönemde bildiğimiz turizm faaliyetlerinden daha farklı turizm pratiklerinin gelişeceği ve turizm hareketliliğinin de boyutunun, niteliğinin, kapsamının ve görünümünün değişeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bundan dolayı turizmin değişen bu yeni formunu anlamanın yolu, eski normalin bilindik turizm hareketliliği ile yeni normalin görece kontrollü turizm hareketliliği arasındaki niceliksel ve niteliksel farkları ortaya koymak ve bu değişimin genel görünümüne bakmaktır. Ancak genel görünümü anlamak için hareketin tek yönüne değil, aynı anda milyonlarca insanın köken bölgelerden hedef bölgelere doğru döngüsel akışını incelemek gerekir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19’un Türkiye’deki turizm hareketliliğine etkisini hem Türkiye’ye olan turist akışı hem de Türkiye’den yurtdışına olan seyahatler ile birlikte incelemek ve bu hareketliliği turizmin değişen boyutu içerisinde anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü (UNWTO), Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD) ve Dünya Bankası’ndan alınan veriler ile Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK)’ndan COVID-19 salgın süreci sonrasında seyahat amaçlı Türkiye’ye gelen ve Türkiye’den yurtdışına gidenlerin verileri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, Türkiye’deki turizm hareketliliğinin COVID-19 öncesi ve sonrasının karşılaştırması yapılmış, karşılıklı gerçekleşen hareketliliğin değişen görünümü yorumlanmış ve Türkiye’deki turizm hareketliliğinin değişen bu yeni formu değerlendirilmiştir.
The global COVID-19 epidemic, which appeared in China at the beginning of 2020 and then spread throughout the world, has affected many mobilities on a national, regional and global scale (human, capital, goods, trade, immigration, etc.), but the most affected among them is tourism mobility. The ban on tourist flows, the closure of the country’s borders, the suspension of air flights and the lack of permission for a certain period of time for transit even within the national borders have brought tourism mobility to a full stop in many countries of the world. Although a partial increase in travel is seen with the transition to the "New Normal Period", it is predicted that it is difficult to return to the tourism mobility of the old normal period to which modern man is accustomed, that it is impossible to carry out the tourism activities that have been accustomed in the past years, and that therefore different tourism practices will develop than the tourism activities we know in the next period and that the size, nature, scope and appearance of the tourism mobility will also change. The way to understand this changing new form of tourism, therefore, is to reveal the quantitative and qualitative differences between the known tourism mobility of the old standard and the relatively controlled tourism mobility of the new standard, and to look at the general appearance of this change. But to understand the general view, it is necessary to study the cyclic flow of millions of people from the origins to the target areas, not the one direction of the movement, at the same time. The aim of this study is to study the impact of COVID-19 on tourism mobility in Turkey along with tourist flows to Turkey and travel from Turkey to abroad and to try to understand this mobility within the changing dimension of tourism. For this purpose, the study used data from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD) and the World Bank and the data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Turkish Statistical Authority (TUIK) after the COVID-19 epidemic process for traveling to Turkey and traveling from Turkey abroad. According to the data obtained, the comparison of tourism mobility in Turkey before and after COVID-19 was made, the changing appearance of mutual occurring mobility was interpreted and this new form of tourism mobility in Turkey was evaluated.
The COVID-19 global epidemic, which emerged in China at the beginning of 2020 and spread throughout the world after a certain period of time, affected many mobilities (people, capital, goods, trade, migration, etc.) on a national, regional and global scale, but among these, tourism mobility has been affected the most. Prohibiting the flow of tourists, closing country borders, cessation of flights and banning the crossing of even national borders for a certain time has brought tourism mobility to a complete halt in many countries of the world. Although a partial increase has incurred in traveling with the transition to the “New Normal Period”, it has been difficult to return to the tourism activity of the former normal period that modern people are used to, it has not been possible to carry out the usual tourism activities of previous years, therefore different tourism activities from the ones we are familiar with will develop in the upcoming period and it is predicted that tourism practices will develop and the dimensions, quality, scope and outlook of tourism mobility will change. Therefore, the way to understand this changing new form of tourism is to reveal the quantitative and qualitative differences between the familiar tourism mobility of the former normal and the relatively controlled tourism mobility of the new normal and look at the general outlook of this change. However, to understand the general picture, it is necessary to examine the cyclical flow of millions of people from their regions of origin to the target regions, not just one direction of the mobility. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Covid-19 on tourism mobility in Turkey, and try to understand the changing dimensions of tourism mobility. Data from UNWTO, OECD, the World Bank, the Ministry for Culture and Tourism as well as data regarding incoming and outgoing tourists for travel purposes after the Covid-19 process collated by TURKSTAT have been used in this study in line with this aim. Tourism mobility before and after covid-19 was compared according to the data, the changed outlook of mutually realized mobility was interpreted and this new form of tourism mobility in Turkey was evaluated.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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