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Bolşevik İhtilal (1917) sonrasında kurulan Sovyetler Birliği, Çarlık Rusyası’nın tüm gizli antlaşmalarını açıklayarak tanımadığını bildirmiş, kendi varlığını da tehdit eden işgalcilere karşı Milli Mücadeleye destek vermiş ve Çarlık Rusyası’nın Türk Boğazları ile İstanbul’a yönelik taleplerinden vazgeçmiştir. Paris’te 1925 yılında imzalanan dostluk antlaşmasıyla Türk-Sovyet ilişkileri karşılıklı güven zemininde yürümüş, Sovyetler tarafından, Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’ne (1936) fazla itirazda bulunulmamıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı’nın arifesinde Sovyetlerin barışçıl tutumu değişerek Çarlık Rusyası’nın Boğazları istilaya yönelik politikalarına geri dönülmüştür. Savaşın başladığı yıl 1939 Eylül-Ekim aylarındaki ittifak görüşmelerinde Montrö’nün değiştirilmesi, 1940 yılı Kasım ayında Dışişleri Bakanı Molotov ile Hitler arasında Berlin’de yapılan ittifak müzakerelerinde ise Türk Boğazlarının kontrolünün Sovyetlere bırakılması istenmiştir. Sovyetler, savaşın son iki yılındaki konferanslarda Boğazlarla ilgili isteklerini müttefikleri İngiltere ve ABD’ye kabul ettirmeye çalışmıştır. Stalin Montrö’nün değiştirilmesi talebini ilk olarak 1943 yılı sonunda yapılan Tahran Konferansı’nda gündeme getirmiş fakat savaş şartları içerisinde zikredilen istek detaylı olarak ele alınamamıştır. Talep, bundan sonraki Moskova, Yalta ve Potsdam Konferansları’nda gündeme taşınmıştır. Bu çalışmada arşiv belgeleri ışığında Sovyetler’in 1946 yılında Boğazlarla ilgili olarak Türkiye’ye verdikleri iki nota ve bu notalara Türkiye, İngiltere ile ABD tarafından verilen cevaplar dönemin tarihsel gelişmeleri dikkate alınarak irdelenecektir.
The Soviet Union, founded after the Bolsheviks' Conflict (1917), declared that it did not recognize by revealing all the secret treaties of the Tsar Russian Federation, supported the National Struggle against the occupants that threatened its own existence, and gave up its demands to the Turkish Gulf and Istanbul. With the Friendship Treaty signed in Paris in 1925, the Turkish-Soviet relations went on the ground of mutual confidence, and the Soviets, the Montreux Convention (1936) was not much opposed. and II. In the early days of the World War, the peaceful attitude of the Soviets changed, returning to the policies of the Tsarist Russia towards the invasion of the Gulf. In September-October 1939, when the war began, Montré was replaced in the coalition talks, and in November 1940, in the coalition talks between Foreign Minister Molotov and Hitler in Berlin, the control of the Turkish Gulf was asked to be left to the Soviets. In the last two years of the war, the Soviets have tried to accept their demands on the Gulf to their allies, Britain and the United States. Stalin first presented the request for the change of Montré at the Tehran Conference in late 1943, but the request mentioned in war conditions was not discussed in detail. The request has been forwarded to the agenda at the subsequent Moscow, Yalta and Potsdam conferences. In this study, in light of the archive documents, the two notes that the Soviets gave to Turkey in 1946 concerning the Gulf and the answers given by Turkey, Britain and the United States to these notes will be drawn up taking into account the historical developments of the period.
Soon after Bolshevik Revolution (1917), Bolsheviks renounced all secret agreements and supported Turkish National Struggle because Allied Powers were their enemies also. Bolsheviks also with a radical decision, rejecting Tsarist era policies declared that they did not have any irredentist policy on Turkish Straits. After the Treaty of 1925 signed in Paris, Turkish-Russian relations based on mutual understanding and confidence. Thus, Soviets did not rise objection to the Montreux Protocol (1936) on Turkish Straits. Nevertheless, at the beginning of WWII, alike Tsarist era policies, Soviet policy changed and new demands on Turkish Straits put in table. During the alliance negotiations on September-October 1939 Soviets asked revision of Montreux, in November 1940 during Hitler-Molotov meetingsin Berlin occupation of Turkish Straits were asked. Because those efforts was born no result, Soviets during the last two years of the war tried to persuade US and Britain for their desires on Turkish Straits. Soviet dictator Stalin put amendment of Montreux on table at the end of 1943 in Teheran Conference but his desires were not met due war conditions. The demand after that were put on the table on Yalta ve Potsdam Conferences also. In this paper, Soviet notes on straits at the year of 1946 and the replays of Turkey, UK and US will be analyzed under the historical developments of era by using archive documents.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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