Özet:

Assisted reproductive technologies(ART) are widely used in the treatment of infertility. Many advances in ART have resulted in higher pregnancy rates for patients. The introduction of embryo cryopreservation and subsequently intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) in 1992 were the important developments in ART success. Development of preimplantation genetic diagnosis has facilitated the exclusion of genetically abnormal embryos but every development brought new risks about the manipulation of the oocyte, sperm or the embryo. The effects of different technologies used in in-vitro fertilization(IVF) on children conceived through ART are the topics of interest since the birth of the first IVF baby Louise Brown in 1978 and have been examined for years. There are many reasons why IVF babies might be exposed to greater risks than naturally conceived children. ART carries an increased risk of iatrogenic multiple pregnancies, which are associated with a higher rate of prematurity. However, adverse perinatal outcomes are not totally eliminated with applying single embryo transfer policies in daily practice and by reducing multiple pregnancy rates. Singleton children born after ART are also at risk for preterm delivery, low birth weight, neonatal mortality, and neonatal intensive care unit admission when compared to spontaneously conceived children. Technical factors, maternal age and underlying parental subfertility are likely to correlate to this risk but ART children are also at increased risk of congenital malformations even after adjustment for maternal age, subfertility or the parental characteristics. The aim of this review is to summarize perinatal outcomes and the congenital anomaly risk of IVF pregnancies and also examine the risks of different technologies including ICSI, blastocyst culture, and cryopreservation on this topic.

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