Özet:

Based on the method of phase diagrams martensitic transformations, the analysis of conditions of occurrence of martensitic transformations (MP) at different temperatures with the participation of vacancies in pure iron. Built versus temperature MT values of the normal stress of the MP and the concentration of vacancies in a wide range of temperatures (up to 900°С). Sharp the fracture shows the change of mechanisms of accumulation of vacancies in iron, required for MP: how do point defects at temperatures below 547°C, and as the strains of the lattice in the form of free volume at higher temperatures (dualism). At the atomic level the mechanism of occurrence of vacancies during reverse martensitic transformation. The quantum-mechanical interpretation of the nonequilibrium martensitic transformations associated with localization (vacancy-point defect) – delocalization (as the longitudinal waves of elastic deformation).

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