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Harf İnkılabı tartışmaları Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tanzimat’ın ilanı sonrasında başlamıştır. Arap harfleri bazı Türkçe sesleri çıkarmakta yetersiz olmuştur. Arap harfleriyle okuma yazma zor olduğundan ıslah edilmesi ya da tamamen kaldırılması gerektiği söylenmiştir. Çoğu Osmanlı aydını harflerin ıslahı fikrinde birleşmiştir. Enver Paşa, bu soruna “Enveri” yazısı adını verdiği Arap harflerinde bazı düzenlemeler yaparak soruna çözüm bulmaya çalışmıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilanı sonrasında da Harf İnkılabı tartışmaları devam etmiş; mecliste sesler yükselmeye başlamıştır. İnkılabı destekleyen ve karşı çıkanlar meclis dışında da basın yoluyla düşüncelerini ifade etmişlerdir. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, bu tartışmaları yakından inceleyerek zamanın ve şartların olgunlaştığı bir dönemde Harf İnkılabını gerçekleştirmiştir. Harf inkılâbının gerçekleştirilmesi okur-yazar oranının artması, basın yayın hayatının canlanması, toplumun çağdaşlaşması, kültürel değişimin hızlanması ve millet bilincinin yerleşmesinde de etkili olmuştur.
The Harf Inkılabı discussions began after the announcement of Tanzimat in the Ottoman State. The Arabic letters were not enough to produce some Turkish voices. It is said that it is difficult to read and write with Arabic letters because it should be recovered or completely removed. The majority of the Ottoman people are united in the idea of the literature. Enver Pasha tried to find a solution to the problem by making some arrangements in the Arabic letters that he called the "Enveri" letter. After the announcement of the Republic, the Harf Inkılbi discussions continued; the parliamentary voices began to rise. Those who supported and opposed the discourse expressed their opinions through the press outside the parliament. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, closely examining these discussions, performed the Harf Inkılab in a period in which time and conditions mature. The realization of the harf inklip has also been effective in the rise of the reader-writer rate, the revitalization of the press life, the modernization of society, the acceleration of cultural change and the establishment of the national consciousness.
The discussions on alphabet revolution started in Ottoman Empire after Tanzimat. Arabis alphabet was adapted to Turkish language but reading and writing was faced with many problems. After then, this issue was started to be discussed by entellectuel people. Firstly, in 1862, Münif Pasha dealt with the alphabet issue at conference in “Cemiyet-i İlmiyeyi Osmaniye”. He put forward that letters should be arranged to read-write the easier than arabic alphabets. Some intellectuel people on the other hand, say that arabic letters need to be completely removed the others come to the conclusion that the letters should be arrenged. When Ittihat and Terakki is effective, Enver Pasha tried to find a solution to this problem by making some arrengements in the alphabet with the alphabet called “Enveri” . Alphabet discussions stopped during I. World War and Kurtulus War but discussions over letter reform contiuned after proclomation of the republic. Especially in 1924 the speech of Sukru Saracoglu about letter reform brought again on the agenda. Discussions started at TBMM. The supporters and opponents over alphabet reform expressed their views through press outside TBMM. They published various articles and books on this topic, Examining these debates closely, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk put the Revolution into practice when the conditions were met. The implementation of reform had been influential in the increase of literate rate, the revival of media, the modernization of society, the acceleration of cultural change and the establishment of nation consciousness. The aim of this article is to reveal the discussions on letter reform, which has been exacerbated by the declaration of the republic from the Tanzimat period, and to gain a new perspective.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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