Özet:

The preservation of cultural and cultural environments with traces of social life and development, as important sources of knowledge of social life and settlement culture and local development, is an important fact in terms of the sustainability of urban culture and social way of life. The settlements with historical and cultural values are in the process losing their functions and turning into areas and places that are not used today but exclusive for purely protection. These areas are areas that are tourist-focused with their original and documentary values and are easily destroyed due to a visitors' intensity on the transport capacity. But these privileged settlements located in urban or rural areas are the conservation areas of civilization and the historic way of life and culture of communities to future generations, and the sustainability of them is mandatory because they are places. The transfer of protection culturally focused to the scale of the structure and the assessment of the understanding of protection within the scales of the World Cultural Heritage also brings the agenda to the debate of protection issues in the global sense. The 16th edition was held in Paris by UNESCO in 1972. The Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), which was prepared by the General Conference, is the first important document on spatial protection. This agreement establishes superior universal value transfer standards for the territories of heritage. It is a Neolithic period that was listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2012. It is a settlement with original textures that are made up of houses where access is provided from roofs to living spaces and there is no street tissue. Despite the existence of other settlements of the Neolithic Period, Catalhöyük is a cultural heritage area with the size of the settlements, an intense social living space with traces, the reflection of art, culture and traditions with original universal value. It is known that cultural heritage and natural heritage are under threat not only by the causes of traditional disruption, but also by the causes of social and economic conditions. The lack of existing legal regulations, the fact that the social and physical environment of the area has not been sufficiently and properly analyzed, today constitutes the most important obstacles to spatial protection that reflects the structural culture of a certain period, and with it leads to the loss of the original character and identity of the settlement. The changing climate conditions, natural disasters, uncontrolled and intense potential of visitors appear as other major threats to the protection of the area. The aim of this study is to discuss the protection issues of heritage areas that have superior universal value and are in this nature listed in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List but are faced today with protection problems and require special measures to ensure the preservation and sustainability of the original settlement tissue and spatial formation. In this scope, it was first introduced as a World Heritage Site; the protection issues and possibilities discussed and recommendations for the World Heritage Site and its nearby surroundings were developed.

Anahtar Kelimeler: