Özet:

Turkey's economy has passed from import-residential policies to export-based growth policies with the tariffs taken on 24 January 1980. But despite 40 years of interruption, as the desired success in exports has not been achieved, the Turkish economy has become a country that has constantly given a foreign trade gap. Given the double-open hypothesis, the cause of this gap until the 2000s was the budget gap; in the 2000s, the private section was the savings gap. In addition, lack of public support, low research and development spending, lack of technology and low added value products have been the main problems that prevent the development of exports. Moreover, the average 85% of imports consisting of intermediate and investment goods has led to a close correlation between growth and import and external trade gap. Without taking important structural steps, it seems impossible for Turkey to develop its exports and reduce foreign trade gap in the long run. At the beginning of these structural imports, there are measures such as the increase in savings and export/GDP rates, the increase in R&D spending, the increase in the share of technology in exports and the reduction in the import goods income rate.