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İNGİLİZ PARLAMENTO KAYITLARINDA İNGİLİZLER TARAFINDAN HİNDİSTAN’DA İNŞA EDİLEN DEMİRYOLLARI VE DEMİRYOLLARININ HİNT EKONOMİSİNE YANSIMALARI (1843- 1900)
2019
Journal:  
Turkish Studies Historical Analysis
Author:  
Abstract:

Hindistan, bulunduğu coğrafya ve sahip olduğu zenginliklerle uzun bir süre İngiliz sömürgeciliğinde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. İngilizler, bölgenin kontrolünü kolaylaştırmak için başlangıçta Doğu Hindistan şirketi adıyla bir şirket kurmuşlardır. Fakat bölgenin coğrafi yapısı ve bölgedeki kabileleri kontrol etmenin zorlukları neticesinde İngiltere, yönetimi doğrudan eline almıştır. XIX. yüzyılda Endüstri devrimi neticesinde yaşanan gelişmeler hem İngiliz ürünleri için Pazar hem de hammadde kaynağı olarak Hindistan’ın İngiltere için önemini arttırmıştır. Bölgenin gerek ticari gerekse askeri yönden kontrolünü sağlamak noktasında Hindistan’da, özel İngiliz Şirketleri tarafından kendi çıkarlarına hizmet etmek üzere sömürge demiryollarının inşası başlatılmıştır. Hindistan Hükümeti, bu dönemde İngiliz çıkarlarına hizmet ederken yerli halk vasıfsız işçi olarak demiryolu inşaatında çalıştırılmıştır. Demiryolu inşaatında çalışan işçilerin barınma, yeme içme gibi ihtiyaçlarının düzgün karşılanmamasından dolayı çeşitli salgın hastalıklarında etkisiyle çok sayıda ölüm gerçekleşmiştir. Demiryollarının yapımında kullanılan kerestenin Hint ormanlarından elde edilmesi ise ormanları yok olma tehdidiyle karşı karşıya getirmiştir. Diğer yandan ticari ürünlerin fiyatlarındaki artış halkın yoksulluk çekmesine yol açmıştır. Bu kapsamda demiryolları, İngiliz sömürgeciliğine hizmet ederken yerli halkın gelir düzeyinde bir artış sağlamamıştır. Çalışmada İngiliz şirketler tarafından Hindistan’da inşa edilen demiryolları, bu demiryollarının, Hint ekonomisine, yerli halka, Hindistan ormanlarına olan yansımaları ele alınacaktır.

Keywords:

In the English Parliament's documents, the transactions on the Indian economy of the railways and railways built in India by the British (1843-1900)
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

India, with its geography and its wealth, has long held an important place in British colony. The British initially founded a company called the East India Company to facilitate the control of the region. But as a result of the geographical structure of the region and the difficulties in controlling the tribes in the region, Britain has taken the government directly into its hands. The XIX. The developments of the century as a result of the Industrial Revolution have increased the importance of India for Britain as a source of raw materials and a market for both British products. At the point of ensuring the region’s commercial or military control in India, the construction of colonial railways was initiated by private British companies to serve their own interests. The Government of India was employed in the construction of railways as unqualified workers while serving the British interests during this period. Many deaths have occurred due to the failure to properly meet the needs of workers working in railway construction, such as accommodation, food and drink, due to the influence of various epidemic diseases. The railways used for the construction of the crossing from the Indian forests faced the threat of destroying the forests. On the other hand, the rise in the prices of commercial products has led to the poverty of the people. In this context, the railways did not provide an increase in the income of the indigenous people while serving the British colony. The study will discuss the railways built in India by British companies, the reflections of these railways, the Indian economy, the indigenous people, the Indian forests.

Keywords:

The Railways Built In India By The British and The Reflection Of Railways To The Indian Economy (1843-1900) In The Uk Parliamentary Records
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

India has occupied an important place in British colonialism for a long time with its geography and wealth.To facilitate control of the region, the British initially established a company called East India. However, as a result of the geographical structure of the region and the difficulties of controlling the tribes in the region, England has taken over the administration directly.The developments in the XIXth century as a result of the Industrial Revolution increased the importance of India for England both as a market for British products and a source of raw materials.In India, the construction of colonial railways has been initiated by private British companies to serve their interests in order to ensure control of the region both commercially and militarily. During this period, the Indian Government served British interests, while indigenous people were employed as unskilled workers in railway construction. Due to the failure to meet the needs of workers working in railway construction such as sheltering and eating and drinking, many deaths have occurred due to the effects of various epidemic diseases.Obtaining the timber used in the construction of the railways from the Indian forests threatened the destruction of the forests. On the other hand, the increase in the prices of commercial products caused the public to suffer poverty. In this context, the railways did not provide an increase in the income level of the indigenous people while serving British colonialism. In this study, will be discussed the railways constructed by British companies in India and their reflections on Indian economy, indigenous people and Indian forests.

Keywords:

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Turkish Studies Historical Analysis

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Turkish Studies Historical Analysis