Özet:

The relations between modern Turkey, Russia and Iran have deep cultural, historical and religious roots, just these roots conditioned geopolicy in Eurasia and Near East. The invasive policy of Ottoman and Russia Empires caused to deepening of competition between them and occurrence of tens of wars along the Black Sea in the XVI – XX centuries. Ottomans supported the political wishes of Turkish and Muslim people residing in the Caucasus and Russia helped the Slavic and Christian minorities in Turkey to oppose the Ottoman dominion. After the World War I, following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Vladimir Lenin assisted Ataturk in the Turkish revolutionary movement and the first relations between modern Turkey Republic and USSR had the nature of cooperation. The relations were colder during the cold war years. The claims of the Soviet Union about Black Sea straits were different under the governance of Stalin, following it, Turkey entered into NATO against the Communist expansion and comprised the South wing of the block. In the 1990s, the tension arose between the parties because of the actions of Russia in the Caucasus and "pan-turkist" policy of Ankara held on the area of former Soviet Union, as well as supporting the separator groups struggling against each other. Gradually, the security priorities were come to the fore, Russia directed its attention to the Islamist and separator movements held in the North Caucasus, Turkey tries to prevent the Kurdish terrorism, thus, both parties agreed to cease the support of the separators. This change became deepened together with the economic and energy relations established in the last years of the USSR, as well as the disappointment of both parties towards West demonstrated itself, afterwards, practical collaboration and historical approach inclinations emerged between Moscow and Ankara within the last decade.

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