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Faşist yönetimin, İtalya’da iktidara gelmesiyle ülke içerisinde toplumsal hayatın her alanı kontrol altında tutulmuş, dış politikada saldırgan bir tavır sergilemişti. İtalya’nın Arnavutluk’un hâmiliğini üstlenerek, Balkanlar’da ağırlığını hissettirmeye başlaması, Doğu Akdeniz’i ve Anadolu’yu kendi etki alanı içinde görmesi, bölge ülkelerinde İtalya’ya yönelik bir tehdit algısının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştı. Ancak İtalya, bir İngiliz-Fransız yakınlaşmasından da endişe etmekte idi. Fransa ve İngiltere, Almanya’nın silahlanması ve Orta Avrupa’da güç kazanmasını arzu etmemişler, bu konuda İtalya ile de ortak bir görüşe sahip olmuşlardı. İtalyan Faşizminin ve Alman Nazizminin bazı ortak amaçlara sahip olmalarına rağmen ırkçılık düşüncesinin İtalya Faşizminde daha zayıf olması, İtalya’da kültüre dayalı bir milliyetçiliğin bulunması vb. gibi gerekçelere dayalı İtalya, Almanya’ya kıyasla daha az tehditkâr ve tehlikeli görülmekte idi. Bütün bunlara rağmen, İtalya’nın, Akdeniz’de etkili ve aktif politikalar izlemeye başlaması ve burayı yayılma alanı olarak değerlendirmesi, Fransa tarafından memnuniyetsizlikle karşılanmakta, Fransa ile İtalya arasındaki rekabet artmakta idi. Bu durum, İtalya’nın Fransa’ya karşı Almanya’ya yakınlaşması neticesini ortaya çıkaracaktı. İşte böyle bir ortamda Mussolini ile diğer muhtelif ülke yetkilileri tarafından mülâkatlar, protokoller ve temaslar gerçekleştirilmekte ve mevcut duruma istikamet verilmeye çalışılmakta idi. Bu incelemenin amacı, İtalya’nın 1936 yılına kadar sahip olduğu dış politikası ve bu bağlamda muhtelif Türk büyükelçilikleri tarafından gönderilen yazılarda ortaya konulan izlenim ve intibalar temelinde Fransa ve İngiltere’den uzaklaşıp Almanya’ya yakınlaşmasını tahlil etmektir.
With the arrival of the fascist government to power in Italy, it has demonstrated an aggressive attitude in foreign policy, which has controlled all areas of social life within the country. It has begun to feel its weight in the Balkans by taking over Albania’s sovereignty, seeing the Eastern Mediterranean and Anadolu within its own influence, leading to the rise of a perception of a threat to Italy in the region. But Italy was also worried about a British-French close-up. France and Britain did not want Germany to be armed and gain power in Central Europe, and they had a common view with Italy on this. Although Italian fascism and German Nazism have some common purposes, the idea of racism is weaker in Italian fascism, the existence of a culture-based nationalism in Italy, etc. Italy was less dangerous and dangerous than Germany. Despite all this, the fact that Italy began to follow effective and active policies in the Mediterranean and assessed it as a sphere of spread was unhappy by France, and the competition between France and Italy was increasing. This would have revealed the result of Italy’s approach to Germany against France. It was in such a environment that Mussolini and other various authorities were conducting property, protocols and contacts and trying to establish the current situation. The objective of this study is to evaluate Italy’s outer policy until 1936 and on the basis of the impressions and incentives revealed in the writings sent by the various Turkish embassy in this context, the departure from France and Britain and the approach to Germany.
When the fascist government came to power in Italy, every sphere of social life within the country was under control, and it displayed an aggressive attitude in foreign policy. The fact that Italy started to make its weight felt in the Balkans by patronizing Albania, seeing the Eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia within its own sphere, has led to the emergence of a perceived threat to Italy in the countries of the region. However, Italy was also concerned about a British-French rapprochement. France and Britain did not wish Germany to be armed and gain power in Central Europe, and they had a common view with Italy on this issue. Although Italian fascism and German Nazism had some common purposes, the idea of racism was weaker in Italian fascism. There was a culture-based nationalism in Italy. Based on such justifications, Italy was considered less threatening and dangerous than Germany. However, Italy began to follow effective and active policies in the Mediterranean and considered here as the area of spreading, which France was not content with. France and Italy's competition was increasing. This would result in Italy becoming closer to Germany against France. In such an environment, interviews, protocols and contacts were carried out by Mussolini and other officials of different countries, and the current situation was tried to be directed. The aim of this review is to analyze Italy's foreign policy until 1936 and its rapprochement with Germany on the basis of the impressions put forth by various Turkish embassies in this context.
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