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Yoksulluk, farklı toplumlarda, zamanlarda ve kültürlerde farklı tanımlamaları olan çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Yoksulluk tanımlamaları yapılırken dikkat edilen kritere göre de yoksulluk tanımları değişmektedir. Kadın yoksulluğu kavramı ise yoksulluğun bir alt boyutu olarak, kadınların erkeklere nazaran yoksulluğu daha derinden ve şiddetli yaşadığını ifade etmekte ve toplumdaki dezavantajlı konumunu vurgulamaktadır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren kadın yoksulluğuna dikkat çekilmeye başlanmış olup bu dezavantajlı kesim için özel sosyal politika araçlarının oluşturulması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Kadın yoksulluğunu önlemede bir sosyal politika aracı olduğu varsayılan Türkiye’deki kadın kooperatifleri 2001 yılından itibaren kadınların ekonomik ve sosyal hayatlarında iyileştirmeler yaparak dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Kadın kooperatifleri özellikle istihdamdan uzak ve yoksulluk riskine yakalanması daha yüksek olan ev hanımlarını bünyesine katabilmektedir ve bu durum da kadın kooperatiflerine olan ilginin de artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, parasal ve katılımcı yaklaşım bağlamında, kadın yoksulluğunu azaltmada kadın kooperatiflerinin rolünü kadın kooperatifi çalışanlarına yönelik yapılan görüşmeler kapsamında analiz etmektir. Bu temel amaç doğrultusunda, bu çalışma İstanbul ilinde faaliyette bulunan 6 kadın kooperatifinden 63 kadın çalışana ve Bursa ilinde faaliyette bulunan 7 kadın kooperatifinden 49 kadın çalışana yapılandırılmış görüşme formunun uygulandığı kesitsel tarama modeli üzerine kurulmuştur. Kadın kooperatifi çalışanlarının sosyo ekonomik durumlarına göre kooperatiflerin rolü değerlendirildiğinde parasal yaklaşım açısından yoksulluklarının azalmasında kadın kooperatiflerinin rolünün sınırlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcı yaklaşım açısından katılımcıların sosyo-ekonomik durumu değerlendirildiğinde, katılımcıların çoğunluğu kendilerini yoksul olarak görmemektedir.
Poverty is a multi-dimensional concept with different definitions in different societies, times and cultures. When we identify poverty, the definitions of poverty also change according to criteria. The concept of women’s poverty, as a low dimension of poverty, expresses that women are experiencing more profound and violent poverty compared to men and emphasizes their disadvantage in society. Since the 1970s, women’s poverty has begun to be highlighted and this disadvantaged section has needed the creation of special social policy instruments. Women’s cooperatives in Turkey, which are supposedly a social policy tool in preventing women’s poverty, have since 2001 begun to draw attention by making improvements in women’s economic and social lives. Women’s co-operatives can add domestic women, especially those who are far from employment and are at a higher risk of poverty, and this has also led to an increased interest in women’s co-operatives. The main objective of this study is to analyze the role of women’s cooperatives in the reduction of women’s poverty in the context of financial and participatory approach in the context of women’s cooperative workers’ discussions. In accordance with this basic objective, this study was founded on the cut-through scan model in which the 6 women’s cooperatives operating in the province of Istanbul, 63 women’s workers and 49 women’s workers from 7 women’s cooperatives operating in the province of Bursa, implemented the structured conversation form. The role of women’s cooperatives in reducing their poverty in terms of financial approach was determined to be limited by the role of women’s cooperatives in reducing their poverty in terms of social and economic conditions. When the socio-economic status of the participants is assessed in terms of participating approach, the majority of the participants do not see themselves as poor.
Poverty is a multidimensional concept with different definitions in different societies, times and cultures. Poverty definitions change according to the criterion taken into consideration when making poverty definitions. The concept of women's poverty, on the other hand, expresses that as a sub-dimension of poverty, women experience poverty more deeply and more severely than men and emphasize their disadvantageous position in society. Since the 1970s, attention has been drawn to women's poverty and the need to create special social policy tools for this disadvantaged population arose. Women's poverty is a social policy tool in the prevention of women's cooperatives in Turkey defaults began to attract attention by making improvements in women's economic and social life since 2001. Women's co-operatives are able to recruit housewives, especially those who are far from employment and who are at greater risk of poverty, and this has led to increased interest in women's co-operatives. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the role of women's co-operatives in reducing women's poverty within the context of interviews with women's co-operative workers in the context of monetary and participatory approaches. The research was based on a cross-sectional survey model and the structured interview form were applied to 63 female employees of 6 women's co-operatives in Istanbul and 49 female employees of 7 women's co-operatives in Bursa. When the role of co-operatives is evaluated according to the socio-economic status of women's co-operative workers, it is found that the role of women's co-operatives in the reduction of poverty in terms of monetary approach is limited. When the socio-economic situation of the participants is evaluated in terms of participatory approach, the majority of the participants do not see themselves as poor.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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