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Çeviri sosyolojisi, çeviri olgusunu salt metinsel-dilsel boyutuyla değil, metin-dışı boyutuyla da inceler ve çeviriyi, toplumsal bir eyleyici olarak çevirmenin bir ürünü olarak görür. Çeviri sosyolojisi alanında araştırma yapan araştırmacılar, Fransız sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu sosyolojisinin temel kavramları olan “habitus”, “alan”, “simgesel sermaye” ve “doxa” gibi kavramlarından faydalanmaktadırlar. Bourdieu sosyolojisinin anahtar kavramı olan ve “yapılandırıcı bir yapı” olarak tanımlanan ve kişisel tarihin bir ürünü olan habitus, toplumsal eyleyicilerin konuşma ve yazma üsluplarında kendini ortaya koymaktadır. Bir yazma biçimi olan çeviri edimi, özünde habitus-güdümlü bir nitelik arz eder. Çevirmen, sosyal habitusunun rafine edilmiş hâli olan, özel bir habitus türü olan çevirmen habitusuna uygun olarak çeviri yapar. Çeviri sosyolojisinde kullanılan bir başka Bourdieu kavramı olan ve habitusla yakından ilişkili olan simgesel sermaye ise bir alandaki eyleyicilerin, prestij, duruş, ün gibi özelliklerine işaret etmektedir. Kendine ait kuralları olan bir mücadele ve rekabet yeri olarak nitelenen alan bir diğer kullanışlı kavramdır. Tüm alanlarda olduğu gibi, çeviri edebiyat alanında da farklı toplumsal eyleyicilerin simgesel sermayeleri doğrultusunda rekabet etmektedirler ve alanda tahakküm olduğu kadar mücadele de vardır; eyleyiciler alanın kurallarına uymayı tercih edebilecekleri gibi, alanın kurallarına uymamayı da tercih edebilirler. Doxa ise üzerinde düşünülmeden kabul edilen, doğallaşmış, inanç hâline gelmiş fikirleri ifade etmektedir. Bir alanda eyleyiciler, doxa’yı yeniden üretmeyi tercih edebilecekleri gibi, doxa’ya karşı duruş serileyip onunla mücadele etmeyi de tercih edebilirler. İngiliz Edebiyatı’nın en önemli şair ve yazarları arasında yer alan, aynı zamanda önemli bir çevirmen olan Geoffrey Chaucer’ın en önemli eserleri arasında gösterilen, klasik bir eser olarak çeşitli dillere çevrilip çeşitli sanat dallarına uyarlanan Canterbury Hikâyeleri adlı eserinin ülkemizdeki dolaşımı Cumhuriyet döneminde başlamıştır. Çeşitli çevirmenler tarafından farklı formlarda ve kısmi çevirileri yapılan eserin, şiir formundaki tam metin çevirisi ilk kez akademisyen çevirmen ve şair Nazmi Ağıl tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu makalede, çevirmen Nazmi Ağıl’ın Canterbury Hikâyeleri adlı çevirisi, çeviri sosyolojisi bağlamında, Bourdieu’nün habitus, alan, sermaye ve doxa kavramlarından faydalanarak, metnin iç ve dış boyutlarıyla incelenecektir.
Translation sociology examines the translation phenomenon not in its simple text-language dimension, but in its non-text dimension, and sees the translation as a product of translation as a social agent. Researchers conducting research in the field of translation sociology take advantage of the concepts such as "habitus", "zone", "significant capital" and "doxa", which are the basic concepts of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Habitus, which is the key concept of Bourdieu sociology and defined as a "constructive structure" and a product of personal history, manifests itself in the speech and writing styles of social actors. The translation of a form of translation, in its essence, provides a habitus-guided quality. The translator translates according to the translator's habitat, which is a particular habitus type, which is the refined state of its social habitat. The symbolic capital, which is another Bourdieu concept used in the translation sociology and which is closely related to habitus, indicates the characteristics of the actors in a field, such as prestige, position, fame. A field that is described as a fight and competition place with its own rules is another useful concept. As in all fields, in the field of translation literature, they are competing in the direction of the symbolic capital of different social actors, and there is a struggle as much as the struggle in the field; actors may prefer to follow the rules of the field, as they may prefer to not follow the rules of the field. Doxa is an idea that is accepted, naturalized, believed. In one area, the actors may prefer to re-create the doxa, and they may also prefer to take a position against the doxa and fight it. Among the most important poets and writers of English literature, and also an important translator, Geoffrey Chaucer's most important works, the work of Canterbury Stories, which was translated into various languages as a classic work and adapted to various branches of art, began to circulate in our country during the Republic period. The full text translation of the work made in different forms and partial translations by various translators, in the poetic form, was for the first time carried out by academic translator and poet Nazmi Ağıl. In this article, the translation of the translator Nazmi Akıl's Canterbury Stories will be studied in the context of the translation sociology, using Bourdieu's habitus, field, capital and doxa concepts, with the internal and external dimensions of the text.
Translation sociology studies the act of translation not only within a linguistic-textual perspective but also within an extra-textual perspective and sees translation as a product of the translator as a sociological agent. The scholars who do research in the field of translation sociology make use of the Bourdieusian concepts “habitus”, “field” and “symbolic capital”. Habitus which is the key concept of Bourdieu sociology and which can be defined as “the structuring structure” and which can be seen as the product of personal history manifests itself in the speaking and writing styles of the sociological agents. The act of translation as a writing form is basically a habitus-oriented activitiy. The translator translates according to his/her translator’s habitus which is the refined form of social habitus. Symbolic capital which is another useful Bourdieusian concept used in translation sociology and which is closely connected to the concept of habitus refers to the prestige, fame and stance of the sociological agents. Field which can be defined as a place of struggle and competition with its own rules is another useful concept. As in every field, in the field of translated literature, different sociological agents with different levels of symbolic capital compete with each other and although there is domination within the field, there is also struggle as well; the agents may choose to defy the rules of the field as well as choosing to obey them. Doxa refers to the internalized ideas which have become beliefs. Agents in a certain field may choose to reproduce doxa as well as challenging it. Canterbury Tales is one of the most important works of Geoffrey Chaucer who is considered as one of the most important poets and writers of English Literature and who is also a prominent poet. The circulation of Canterbury Tales, which is considered an important classical work and which has been translated to many different languages and adapted to different forms of art, started in the Republic Period. Although it has been translated into Turkish by various translators in different forms and partially, the full translation in verse form has been done by the poet, academic and translator Nazmi Ağıl for he first time. This article aims to examine the translation of Canterbury Tales by Nazmi Ağıl within the framework of translation sociology by the using the concepts habitus, field, symbolic capital and doxa both with textual and extra-textual aspects of it.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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