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Ülkemizde 1980 sonrası dönemde ihracat odaklı bir dış ticaret politikası uygulanmaya başlamıştır. İç talep daraltılarak üretim ihracata yönlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Üretimde kullanılacak ara malı, yarı mamul ve ham maddelerde ise ithalatta serbestleşme yoluna gidilmiştir. 1996 yılında Gümrük Birliği anlaşması Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği arasında imzalanarak yürürlüğe girmiştir. Bu amaçla gümrük, ticaret, fikri ve sinai mülkiyet haklarına ilişkin düzenlemeler yeniden ele alınmıştır. 4458 sayılı Gümrük Kanunu’nun 2000 yılında yürürlüğe girmesiyle ihracat odaklı büyüme modeline paralel kanun ve yönetmelikler hayata geçirilmiştir. Daha sonraki süreçte ise dünya piyasa fiyatlarından ürün sağlayarak ihracatı artırmak, ihraç mallarına uluslararası piyasalarda rekabet gücü kazandırmak, ihraç pazarlarını geliştirmek ve ihraç ürünlerini çeşitlendirmek amacıyla 2005/8391 sayılı dahilde işleme rejimi kararı hazırlanmıştır. Dahilde işleme rejimi ihracat yapma garantisi vermek şartıyla üretimde kullanılacak ham madde ve yarı mamullerin ithal edilmesi esasında uygulanacak gümrük vergisinden muafiyet sağlayan bir ihracatı teşvik sistemidir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de 1996-2017 dönemi için dahilde işleme rejimi kapsamında yapılan ihracat ve ithalatın, dış ticaret dengesi üzerine etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Analizde ise Johansen Eşbütünleşme Analizi, Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM), VECM Granger Nedensellik Testi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre dahilde işleme rejimi kapsamındaki ihracat ve ithalatın dış ticaret dengesi üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
In the 1980s, a foreign trade policy focused on exports began to be implemented. The demand for domestic production was reduced to export. The intermediate goods to be used in production, half-products and raw materials, and the imports have gone to the way of liberalization. The Customs Union Agreement entered into force in 1996 by signing the Treaty between Turkey and the European Union. For this purpose, the regulations relating to customs, trade, intellectual and property rights have been reviewed. With the entry into force of the Customs Act No. 4458 in 2000, parallel laws and regulations were implemented to the export-oriented growth model. In the subsequent process, the processing regime resolution 2005/8391 was drawn up in order to increase exports by providing products from world market prices, to make export goods competitive in international markets, to develop export markets and to diversify export products. In addition, the processing system is an export encouragement system that provides exemption from the customs tax to be applied in the import of raw materials and semi-products to be used in production under the condition of giving export guarantee. The study investigates the impact of exports and imports made within the framework of the processing regime for the period 1996-2017 in Turkey on the balance of foreign trade. In the analysis, the Johansen Integration Analysis, the Error Correction Model (VECM) and the VECM Granger Cause Test methods were used. The results from the study have shown that exports and imports within the processing regime have an impact on the balance of foreign trade.
An export-oriented foreign trade policy has started to be implemented in Turkey in the post-1980 period. The domestic demand has been narrowed and the production has been directed to exports. The import of intermediate, semi-finished and raw materials used in production were liberalized. In 1996, the Customs Union agreement between the European Union and Turkey entered into force. For this purpose, regulations on customs, trade, intellectual and industrial property rights have been reviewed. Laws and regulations in parallel with the export-oriented growth model have been implemented with the enforcement of the Customs Law No. 4458 in 2000. In the following period, the inward processing regime decision numbered 2005/8391 was prepared in order to increase exports by providing goods from world market prices, gain export power to export markets in international markets, develop export markets and diversify export products. The inward processing regime is an export incentive system that provides exemption from the customs duty on the basis of the import of raw materials and semi-finished products to be used in production of goods that will be exported. In this study, impact of imports and exports on foreing trade balance under the inward processing regime during 1996-2017 period are investigated. In the analysis, Johansen Cointegration Analysis, Error Correction Model (VECM) and VECM Granger Causality Test methods are used. According to the results of the study, it is seen that export and import within the scope of inward processing regime impacted foreign trade balance.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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