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Milli kimliklerin tarihin hangi döneminde ortaya çıktıkları üzerinde farklı görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Kimilerine göre milletler eski dönemlerden beri var olan olgular iken, kimilerine göre ise tarihin belli bir aşamasında bir inşa sonucunda ortaya çıkmışlardır. Bu bağlamda milli kimliklerin ortaya çıkışında veya inşasında ırk ve ırkçılık kavramlarının ne derecede etkili olduğu üzerinde durmakta fayda vardır. Acaba aynı ırktan gelmek milli kimliklerin ortaya çıkması veya inşasında ne derecede etkili olmuştur? Irkçılık, günümüzde bile siyasetin temel konularından biri olmayı başarmıştır. Irk kavramının kökeni çok eskilere kadar gitse de, modern dönemlerde içeriğinin farklılaştığı söylenebilir. Modern ulus devletlerin inşası sürecinde ırk ve ırkçı söylem ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Kendi vatandaşını inşa etmek isteyen modern devletler, vatandaşın tektipleşmesini sağlama mücadelesi vermişlerdir. Ülkedeki bütün farklılıklar asimile edilerek milletlerin inşası sağlanmıştır. Bu sürecin dışında kalmaya direnen farklı etnik ve dinsel topluluklar ise baskı altında tutulmuşlardır. Milli kimlik inşa süreçlerinde tarih yeniden kurgulanmış ve yeniden yazılmıştır. Tarihin derinliklerinde başarılı atalar bulunmuş ve birçok kahramanlıklar onlara atfedilmiştir. Tarihin derinliklerinden gelen bir millet anlayışı, farklı tarihi olaylar yoluyla ırk dayanışması üzerinde durmaktadırlar. Milli kimliklerin kendini inşa sürecinde olduğu gibi, sonraki dönemlerde de ırk ve ırkçılık söz konusu milli kimliğin yeniden inşasında etkili olmaya devam etmektedir. Irkçılık ile milli kimlik inşası arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığının ortaya konması faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışmada milli kimlik inşasında milliyetçilik, ırk ve ırkçılığın etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Different views have been revealed on which period of history the national identities appeared. Some believe that the nations have existed since ancient times, while some believe that they have emerged in a certain stage of history as a result of a building. In this context, it is useful to stand on how effective the concepts of race and racism are in the emergence or construction of national identities. How effective was the origin of the same race in the appearance or construction of national identities? Racism has succeeded in becoming one of the main issues of politics even today. Although the origin of the concept of race goes to the very ancient, it can be said that in modern times its content has varied. In the process of the construction of the modern nation states, racist and racist speech has begun to come to the forefront. The modern states, who want to build their own citizens, have been struggling to ensure the citizenship. All the differences in the country have been assimilated and the buildings of peoples have been secured. Different ethnic and religious communities that resist to stay outside of this process were under pressure. In the process of building national identity, history has been re-established and re-written. Successful ancestors were found in the depths of history and many heroisms were attributed to them. A nation understanding from the depths of history stands on the racist solidarity through different historical events. As the national identities are in the process of self-building, in the subsequent periods, racism and racism continue to be effective in the reconstruction of the national identity. It will be useful to reveal whether there is a relationship between racism and national identity building. In this study, national identity building has been sought to reveal the impact of nationality, raciality and racism.
Different opinions emerged about the period in which national identities emerged in history. For some, nations have events that have existed since antiquity and some have emerged as a result of a certain stage of history. In this context, it will be useful to consider how the concepts of racism and racism are influential in the emergence or development of national identities. How long did it take for the same nationality to emerge or for national identity to emerge? Even today, racism has become one of the main issues of politics. It is useful to show whether there is a relationship between national identity and racism. Although the concept of race goes back to very early times, it can be said that its content has changed in modern times. In the process of building modern nation-states, racial and racist discourse has come to the fore. The modern states, who wanted to build their own citizens, struggled to ensure the uniformity of the citizen. All differences in the country were assimilated and the construction of nations was ensured. Different ethnic and religious communities who were resisting to stay out of this process were under pressure. History has been reconstructed and rewritten in national identity building processes. Successful ancestors were found in the depths of history, and many other feats were attributed to them. The concept of a nation coming from the depths of history emphasizes race solidarity through different historical events. As in the process of selfconstruction of national identities, race and racism continue to be effective in the reconstruction of the national identity. In this study, the effects of nationalism, race and racism were tried to be mentioned in the process of national identity.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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