Özet:

Different ways of thinking, if not systematical, have been existed in different societies in the course of time. On the other side, logic that can be described as a formal and systematic way of reasoning is explicit in the ancient philosophers. The principles of the logic are universal because of the fact that whatever the area we think in, all thinking activities absolutely have a logic. Hence it is unimaginable to construct scientific, philosophical or belief system without relying on a logic. In the history of Islamic thought, systematic, formal and sound argumentative thinking had been accepted as an important faculty for all the Islamic disciplines. Before Al-Ghazali, logic was mainly an interest for the philosophers. With Al-Ghazali, logic had become the most important tool for reasoning in the Islamic sciences. After logic had been introduced to Islamic sciences especially to “Qalam”, some ideas against of the logic appeared in the Islamic world. Ghazali’s ideas concerning the importance of logic had a great influence upon his successors. Ghazali’s positive contribution on the use of logic rapidly affected the area of education, as well. By the aid of Ghazali’s philosophy, logic had taken a place near the top of the curriculums of madrassahs (Muslim theological schools). It was given as a course with linguistics or after linguistics. In this process, logic had preserved its fundamental position from basic training to education of all the Islamic sciences because of providing the rightful reasoning for getting account for religious matters. For this reason, a considerable amount of works had been done and many vital treatises were written on the science of logic. Some of these works were considered as classics and used as reference book for scholars who worked in this field. Yet, some of the works goes beyond the times which were ahead of their time. As it is said above, Logic is related with all the Islamic sciences. This article will focus on specifically Logic’s relation with “Qalam”.

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