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Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihte en geniş topraklara yayıldığı halde en uzun süre ayakta kalan son devlet olan Osmanlı imparatorluğunun yerine kurulmuştur. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dini bir devlet olmasına karşın Türkiye Cumhuriyeti laik bir devlettir. Osmanlı coğrafyasında birçok devlet kurulmasına ragmen, bu imparatorluğun sosyal, kültürel, dini ve askeri kurumlarını devralan tek devlet Türkiye Cumhuriyetidir. Bu kurumların dini bir yapıdan laik bir kimliğe doğru evrilmesi ise 1839’da Tanzimatla başlayan Türk modernleşmesi ile yakından ilgilidir. Bu duruma en uygun örnek Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’dır. Uzun zamandır din ve devlet arasında sıkışmış bulunan Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı laik bir sistem çerçevesinde dini bir yapıdan seküler bir yapıya doğru sürüklenmektedir. Osmanlı’dan miras kalan diğer kurumlarla kıyaslandığında Diyanetin kökeni Osmanlı’ya dayanan ve 85 yıldır ayakta kalan tek dini kurum olduğu söylenebilir. Bu makale, bu açılardan Diyanet’in tarihi gelişmesini önemli aşamaları dikkate alarak tetkik edecektir. Ayrıca bu makale Diyanet’in laik bir sistem içindeki mevcut konumunu ele alacak ve kuruma dönük olarak Sünnilerin ve Alevilerin yaklaşımını irdeleyecektir.
The Republic of Turkey was established in the place of the Ottoman Empire, the last state staying for the longest time, although it was spread to the widest territory in history. Although the Ottoman Empire is a religious state, the Republic of Turkey is a secular state. Regmen to the establishment of many states in the Ottoman geography is the only state that has taken over the social, cultural, religious and military institutions of this empire. The evolution of these institutions from a religious structure to a secular identity is closely related to the modernization of Turkey, which began with Tanzimat in 1839. The best example of this is the President of the Republic. The Presidency of the Divine Affairs, which has long been stuck between religion and state, is driven from a religious structure to a secular structure in the framework of a secular system. Compared to other institutions that have been inherited from the Ottoman, it can be said that Dianet is the only religious institution that is based on the Ottoman and has been in existence for 85 years. This article will examine the historical development of Dianet from these points of view, taking into account the important stages. In addition, this article will discuss the current position of the Dianet within a secular system and will discuss the approach of the Suns and Alevians towards the institution.
The Turkish Republic was founded inplace of Ottoman Empire which was one of the largest and longest lasting empires in history. Although Ottoman Empire was a religious state, Turkish Republic defined itself as a laic state. However, the Turkish Republic is an exeptional state among many countries established in Ottoman geography in terms of taking over military, religious, cultural and social institutions of the Empire. The transformations of these institutions from religious to secular character brought about a long-problematic process in relation to Turkish modernization. (from Tanzimat in 1839 to today). The most perfect example of this phenomenon is the Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı (the Turkish Presidency of Religious Affairs, henceforth referred to as the Diyanet). For a long time, since it was trapped religion and state, the Diyanet has been wobbling from religious to secular identity in the framework of the laic system. In comparison to other religious administrations in Ottoman Empire, it can be said that the Diyanet is only officially surviving religious institution as in spite of the historical roots partly based on Ottoman era during the last eighty-seven years. This article examines the Diyanet in relation to these aspects. I will examine historical roots, developments, and current situation of the Diyanet. I will also analyze the structure of the organization of the Diyanet, its position in Turkey’s laic system, and current different approaches about it by the Sunnis and the Alevis in Turkey.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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