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19. yüzyıldan itibaren vatanı için mücadele eden Türk kadınları Kara Fatma adıyla anılmışlardır. Milliyetçilik düşüncesinin etkisiyle oluşturulan ideal Türk kadının nitelikleri arasında en başta, ülkesi adına her türlü fedakarlığı yapmaya ve savaşmaya hazır olması gelmektedir. Balkan Savaşları, I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Türk kadını önemli roller üstlenmiştir. Milli Mücadele döneminde ise vatanını korumak için mücadeleye atılan kadınların ortak adı Kara Fatma’dır. Bununla birlikte Milli Mücadele ve Kara Fatma denilince ilk akla geln Fatma Seher Hanım’dır. Hayatıyla ilgili farklı görüşlere rağmen, Fatma Seher Hanım, kendi deyimiyle “Anadolu’daki Kara Fatmaların en güçlüsüdür.” Kara Fatma lakabını ona Mustafa Kemal vermiştir. Milli mücadelede gönüllü milis kumandanı olarak görev yapmış ve Büyük Taarruz sonrasında “üsteğmen” olarak ordudan emekliye ayrılmıştır. Bolu’dan, İzmit’e, Afyon’dan Bursa’ya kadar pek çok bölgenin kurtuluşuna katkı sağlamıştır. Kendine bağlanan maaşı bile Kızılay’a bağışlayan Kara Fatma, hayatının son yıllarında sefalet içinde yaşamıştır. Kara Fatma savaş boyunca ve sonrasında esasen meşrutiyet dönemi ile birlikte ortaya konulmaya çalışılan örnek Türk kadın modelinin de önemli temsilcilerinden biri olmuştur. Ülkesi için düşmana korku salan ve her türlü fedakarlığa hazır bir kadın olduğu kadar, eşi ve çocukları için de şefkatli ve sevgi dolu iyi bir anne ve eş modelidir. Cumhuriyet sonrası örnek kadın modeli de bundan etkilenmiştir.
From the 19th century, the Turkish women who fought for their homeland were named Kara Fatma. Among the qualities of the ideal Turkish woman, created by the influence of the nationalism thought, is that she is first and foremost ready to make any kind of sacrifice and fight for her country. The Balkan Wars took Turkish women an important role during World War I. In the period of national struggle, the common name of the women fighting to protect their homeland is Kara Fatma. However, when the National Struggle and Black Fatma are called, the first thing that comes to mind is Fatma Seher. Despite different opinions about her life, Mrs. Fatma Seher, in her own statement, is "the strongest of the Black Fatmas in Anatolia." The Black Fatma has been given to him by Mustafa Kemal. He served as a volunteer militia commander in the national struggle and after the Great Taarruz he retired from the army as a "member". He has contributed to the liberation of many regions from Bolu, Izmit, from Afyon to Bursa. The Kara Fatma, who even gave his salary to the Red, has lived in misery in the last years of his life. The Black Fatma, which was tried to be revealed during and after the war, was one of the important representatives of the Turkish women's model. She is a good mother and cousin model for her wife and children, just as she is a woman who fears the enemy for her country and is ready for any kind of sacrifice. The Republican model of women was also influenced by this.
From the 19th century Turkish women, struggling for their homeland, were all called Kara Fatma. Among the foremost qualities of ideal Turkish woman, created with the influence of the idea of nationalism, were to make any sacrifice and be ready to fight for her country. During the Balkan Wars and WWI Turkish woman undertook significant roles. In the period of the National Movement, Kara Fatma was the common name of the women that fought to protect their homeland. However, when someone mention about the National Movement and also Kara Fatma, Fatma Seher Hanım is the first that comes to mind. In spite of the various views about her life, “She is the most powerful Kara Fatma in the Anatolia” she claimed. (In her own words “The most powerful Kara Fatma in Anatolia” was herself) At the National Movement she served as a volunteer militia, and then after the Great Attack, retired from the army as a Lieutenant. She conributed to the salvation of so many regions like from Bolu to İzmit, and Afyon to Bursa. She even donated her salary to Red Crescent, lived her last ages in poverty. Kara Fatma, essentially within the period of the Constitutional Monarcy, became one of the notable representatives of Turkish woman model, had been tried to put forward during and after the war. She was not only the woman that scared the enemies and ready for any sacrifice to her country, but also a model of a good wife and a caressing mother to her family. That is the point of view the example of post-rebuplican female model is influenced from.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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