Özet:

The demonstrative system of modern Turkish is formed by the roots bu, şu and o. In this paper, focusing on non-text dependent use of the demonstratives bu and o, reduction possibility of bu/o+noun form to the bare form of bu/o (i.e. bu/o(+Ø) form) is analysed from the viewpoints of speaker’s space and recognition by the hearer. It is shown that the following characteristics are observed in the form of bu/o(+Ø): (i) The presence of bu/o+noun form is a necessary condition for the presence of bu/o(+Ø) form in terms of the substitution between bu/o+noun and bu/o(+Ø), and so we can consider all usages of bu/o(+Ø) as reduced form of bu/o+noun. (ii) However, the distribution of bu/o+noun is not a sufficient condition for the distribution of bu/o(+Ø). In order to work bu/o+noun form as a sufficient condition of bu/o(+Ø) form, it is essential that the referent denoted by the noun of bu/o+noun form must be present in the locality of the utterance. (iii) Although the distribution of bu/o+noun is sensitive to the concepts of speaker’s space and recognition by the hearer, it is not sensitive to the deictic condition mentioned in (ii). On the other hand, the distribution of bu/o(+Ø) shows sensitivity to both the deictic condition in (ii) and the concepts of speaker’s space and recognition. (iv) The properties (i), (ii) and (iii), which the non-text dependent use of bu/o(+Ø) have, can be accounted for by (a) the deictic scale which is set up on the use of the demonstratives classified by the degree of dependency on previous verbal text, (b) syntactic deletion of the linguistic element that is subject to referential use.

Anahtar Kelimeler: