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Türk mimarlık tarihinde ahşap direkli ve tavanlı câmi geleneğinin kökleri Karahanlı devrine kadar gitmektedir. Büyük Selçuklu ve Gazneli devirlerinde yaşatılan bu gelenek Anadolu Selçuklu, Beylikler ve Osmanlı devirlerinde de devam etmiştir. Bu bağlamda Anadolu Selçuklu devrinde Orta Anadolu ve İç batı Anadolu’da yoğunlaşan ahşap direkli câmilerin bazıları zengin kalem işleriyle bezenmişlerdi. Selçukluların ardından beylikler döneminde de ahşap câmi geleneği devam etmiştir. Bu dönemde Ankara, Konya, Beyşehir, Kastamonu, Niğde ve Afyon çevreleri başta olmak üzere Anadolu’nun birçok yöresinde ahşap direkli ve tavanlı ibadet yapılarıyla karşılaşılır. Osmanlı döneminde bu gelenek unutulmamış; imparatorluğun yayıldığı geniş coğrafyadaki birçok merkezde çok sayıda ahşap direkli ve tavanlı câmi inşa edilmiştir. Osmanlı sahasındaki bu uygulamanın 14. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyıl başlarına kadar sürdürüldüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin birçok yöresinde olduğu gibi Çanakkale çevresinde de ahşap direkli ve tavanlı câmiler inşa edilmiştir. Bunlar daha çok 18.-19. yüzyıllara ait örneklerdir. Bu yazı kapsamında söz konusu örnekler arasından Çanakkale’nin Yenice ilçesinde bulunan Pazarköy Câmii ve Ayvacık’a bağlı Babakale köyündeki ulu câmi ele alınmıştır. Ahşap direkli ve ahşap tavanlı mimarileriyle benzeşen Pazarköy Câmii ve Babakale Ulu Câmii, kitâbelerine göre 18. yüzyılda yapılmışlardır. Her iki yapı da, orta sahnı çok geniş tutulmuş bir plan ortaya koyarlar. Pazarköy Câmii’nin cepheleri onarımlar sırasında biraz değişmiş olmalıdır. Lâle devrinde Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa’nın damadı Kaymak Mustafa Paşa tarafından yaptırılan Babakale Ulu Câmii ise daha özgün bir mimariye sahiptir. Yapı son olarak Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından restore edilmiştir. Pazarköy Câmii bezeme açısından çok sadedir. Buna karşılık Babakale Ulu Câmii; ahşap destekler üzerindeki bazı plastik bezemeler, tavan göbeği, mermer şadırvandaki bezemeler ve kitâbelerinin üslubu ile Lâle devrinin karakterini yansıtır.
In the Turkish architecture history, the roots of the tradition of wooden roof and roof cami go to the Karahanlı era. This tradition lived in the great Selçuklu and Gazneli periods continued in the Anadolu Selçuklu, Beylikler and Ottoman periods. In this context, some of the wooden rocks that were concentrated in Central Anadolu and Inner West Anadolu during the Anadolu Selçuklu era were wrapped with wealthy pen works. In the aftermath of the tribes, the tradition of wood was continued. During this period, Ankara, Konya, Beyşehir, Kastamonu, Niğde and Afyon surroundings mainly in many parts of Anadolu are met with wooden and roofed worship structures. In the Ottoman era this tradition was not forgotten; in many centers of the broad geography where the empire spread, a large number of wooden roof and roof cams were built. It is clear that this practice in the Ottoman field continued from the 14th century to the beginning of the 20th century. As in many parts of Turkey, there are also wooden roof and roof cemeteries built around Çanakkale. These are most examples of the 18th and 19th centuries. In this article, among the above examples, the Pazarköy Câmii and Ayvacık related to the Babakale village in the Yenice district of Çanakkale were addressed. The Pazarköy Câmii and Babakale Ulu Câmii, similar to their wooden roof and wooden roof architecture, were built in the 18th century according to their books. Both structures present a very wide-ranging plan in the middle scene. The fronts of Pazarköy Câmii should be slightly changed during repairs. Babakale Ulu Câmii, which was built by Kaymak Mustafa Pasha by Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha in the Lâle era, has a more original architecture. The building was finally restored by the Foundation General Directorate. The market is very simple from the point of view. In contrast, Babakale Ulu Câmii reflects the character of the Lâle era with some plastic clothes on wood supports, the roof stomach, the clothes in the marble cottage and the style of their books.
The use of wooden pillars and ceilings in Turkish architectural history dates back to the Karahanids. This practice was maintained during the Great Seljukian and Ghaznavid periods and continued in the Anatolian Seljukian, Principalities (Beyliqs) and Ottoman periods. In this sense, some of the mosques with wooden pillars common in Central and Inner Western Anatolia were embellished with a large variety of paintings. Following the Seljukian period, wooden mosque tradition was preserved also in the principalities period, when religious constructions with wooden pillars and ceilings were erected in a great many parts of Anatolia, particularly in and around Ankara, Konya, Beyşehir, Kastamonu, Niğde, and Afyon. Ottomans kept practicing this construction tradition. Scores of mosques with wooden pillars and ceilings were built in most of the regions annexed by the Ottomans. It is well understood that this practice was observed on lands under the Ottoman rule from 14th through 20th century. As in many provinces of Turkey, mosques with wooden pillars and ceilings were constructed in Çanakkale as well, mostly from 18th or 19th century. For the purpose of the study, Pazarköy Mosque in Yenice (Çanakakle) and Great Mosque of Babakale Village (Ayvacık) were analyzed and described. These two mosques with similar architectural properties were constructed in the 18th century as expressed in their inscriptions. Both structures have large naves. The façades of Pazarköy Câmi must have been modified during the restoration work. Babakale Great Mosque erected by Kaymak Mustafa Paşa, the son-in-law of Damat İbrahim Pasha of Nevşehir in the Tulip Era. It has a more authentic architectural structure. It was last restored by the Directorate General of Foundations. Pazarköy Mosque is poor in ornamentation. On the contrary, Babakale Great Mosque is characterized by the stylistic properties of the Tulip Era which are eminent in some of the plastic ornaments on the wooden pillars and in the ornaments and inscriptions on the ceiling rose/hub and marble shadirvan (ablution fountain).
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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