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Osmanlı Devleti, Bursa merkezli olmak üzere XIX. yüzyılın ortasına doğru Dünya’nın önde gelen ipek üreticilerine rakip hale gelmişti. Ancak 1850’li yıllarda üretimde söz sahibi olan ülkelerin hemen tamamı ipekböceklerine musallat olan hastalıklarla uğraşmak zorunda kaldı. Bu nedenle ipek sektörü büyük bir darbe aldı ve bu işle alakası olan ahali sıkıntıya düştüğünden dolayı başka geçim sahalarına yöneldi. Öte yandan hastalıkların ilk görüldüğü yer olan Fransa’da tedavinin bulunması gecikmedi. Fransız bilim adamı Pasteur’un keşfini öğrenip uygulamaya koyan Avrupa ülkelerinde ipekçilik yeniden canlandı. Osmanlı Devleti ise Fransa ve İtalya’dan yumurta ithal etmek suretiyle kötü gidişatın önünü almaya çalıştı. Ancak mücadelede başarı sağlayamadı. Nihayet memlekette kozacılık günbegün geriledi ve üretim oldukça düştü. İpekböcekçiliği alanındaki mevcut durumun dönüşümünü ise 1881 yılında Dûyûn-ı Umûmiyye’nin kurulması başlattı. Nitekim ipek vergisi, Osmanlı’nın borçlu olduğu devletler adına faaliyet gösterecek olan bu kurumun gelirleri arasındaydı. Bu nedenle Düyûn-ı Umûmiyye İdâresi, gelirleri arttırmak adına Osmanlı ipekçilik sektörüne yeniden hayat verebilmek için çalışmalara başladı. Gelinen noktada ipekböceği yetiştirmenin bilinçli olarak yapılması ve bu iş için bir eğitim kurumunun gereği fikri kabul gördü. Avrupa’da ziraat eğitimi alan ve mezun olduğu ziraat mektebinin müdürü tarafından Duyûn-ı Umûmiyye İdâresi’ne tavsiye edilen Torkomyan’a ait olan bu fikir, çok geçmeden hayata geçirildi. Böylece 1888 yılında Bursa Harir Dârüttalimi açılmış oldu. Mektep, açılışını takip eden yıllarda başarısını ispat etti ve devlet yıkılana kadar faaliyette bulundu. 1914 yılına kadar 1897 mezun vererek ülkede ipekböcekçiliğinin taze bir hayat bulmasını sağladığı gibi emsali mekteplerin açılmasına da vesile oldu.
The Ottoman State is located in the 19th century. By the middle of the century it became a competitor to the world’s leading silk producers. But in the 1850s, almost all of the countries in production were forced to deal with the diseases that were musallate to the silk bees. Therefore, the silk industry took a big blow and turned to other survival fields because of the affairs related to this work. In France, where the disease was first observed, the treatment was not delayed. The French scientist Pasteur's discovery and the practice of silverism in the European countries has been revived. The Ottoman state, however, tried to take off the bad progress by importing eggs from France and Italy. But he did not succeed in the fight. At the end, the cossacity in the countryside dropped every day and production dropped considerably. The transformation of the current situation in the field of Silkbeckers began in 1881 with the establishment of the Dûyûn-i Umumiye. In fact, the silk tax was among the revenue of this institution that would operate on behalf of the states that the Ottoman debts. This is why the Düyûn-i Umûmiye Administration began to work to regain the Ottoman silk industry in order to increase their income. At the point of view, the cultivation of the silk was done consciously and the idea was accepted by an educational institution for this work. This idea belongs to Torkomyan, which was recommended by the Director of the Ziraat Mektub in Europe and was graduated from Duyûn-i Umûmiye Administration, was soon implemented. Thus, in 1888 the Bursa Harir Dârüttalimi was opened. Mektep has proven its success in the years following its opening and has been active until the state collapsed. By the end of 1914, graduating in 1897, it was also an opportunity for the opening of emsali letters, as it allowed the silk beekeeping to find a fresh life in the country.
The Ottoman Empire, especially in Bursa district towards the middle of 19th century, had become one of the leading competitors of world top silkworm producing countries. However, around 1850s, almost all of the countries which had prominent position in silkworm producing, had to cope with the plagues haunting the silk worms at that time. For this reason, silk worm production industry took major hit; and since the livelihood of people in this industry were reduced at high rates, they headed for different livelihood opportunities. On the other hand, the treatment for these diseases emerged sooner than expected in France, where they were first seen. Silk producing industry revived in European countries which transferred the discovery of French scientist, Pasteur. Ottoman Empire, however, tried to reverse the bad fate by importing worm eggs from France and Italy. It couldn't succeed, though. Lastly, cocoon production decreased day by day and the industry shrunken considerably. The reversal of current bad situation in silk worm breeding started with the establishment of Duyun-ı Umumiyye (Public Debts Institution) in 18881.As a matter of fact, silk taxes were among the sources of income of this institution, which acted on behalf of creditor countries to Ottoman Empire. For this reason, Duyun-ı Umumiyye (Public Debts Institution), in order to increase the income, started to work to revive the Ottoman silk worm breeding industry. At this point, the need for an informed silkworm rearing and a school for this purpose found a wide acceptance. The idea belonged to Torkomyan, who got agricultural education in Europe and was recommended for Duyun-ı Umumiyye by the manager of the school he graduated, was put into practice not long after. Thus, in 1888, Harir Dauttallim was founded in Bursa. The school proved its success soon after the opening and kept going until the fall of the Empire. 1897 students graduated until 1914 and this highly contributed both to the revival of silk worm breeding in the country and to the opening of similar schools.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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