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Son yıllarda gazetecilikte nitelikli içeriğe, hikaye oluşturabilmeye ve derinlemesine araştırmaya duyulan ihtiyaç karşısında yeniden keşfedilmeye başlayan edebi gazetecilik/edebi röportaj türünün tarihteki öncülerinden ve dünya çapında tanınmış en güçlü temsilcilerinden biri kuşkusuz ki İngiliz romancı ve gazeteci George Orwell (1903-1950)’dır. Daha çok romancı kimliğiyle tanınmakla birlikte gazeteciliğin farklı alanlarında da çalışmış olan Orwell, gerek romanları gerekse 1930’lu ve 40’lı yıllarda çeşitli gazete ve dergilerde dönemin politik, toplumsal ve edebi meseleleri üzerine yazdığı geniş konu ve tür yelpazesindeki güçlü metinleriyle yirminci yüzyılın en etkili politik yazarı olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Modernleşme ve endüstrileşmenin yol açtığı ekonomik ve sosyal adaletsizlikleri politik gazeteciliğinin odak noktasına yerleştirmiş olan yazar, özellikle Avrupa kentlerindeki yoksulların ve işçi sınıfının yaşamını tanıklığa dayalı anlattığı kurgu ve gerçeklik sınırındaki metinleriyle, İngiliz edebi gazetecilik geleneğinin öncüsü olarak da anılmaktadır. Orwell’ın çok yönlü gazetecilik deneyimi içinde onu üstün kılan edebi gazetecilik pratiğine odaklanan bu çalışmada, yazarın 1930’lu yıllarda İngiltere’nin kuzey kesimlerindeki sanayi bölgelerinde yaşanan sefaleti ve maden işçilerinin olumsuz çalışma ve yaşam koşullarını yoğun gözlem ve araştırmaya dayalı olarak aktardığı ve edebi gazeteciliğin en çarpıcı ilk örneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Wigan İskelesi Yolu (1937) adlı yapıtı incelenmiştir. Yapıt, edebi gazeteciliğin özelliklerinden yararlanılarak, ilgili literatür çerçevesinde kavramsal ve tarihsel bir arka planda analiz edilmiştir. Analizde, edebi gazetecilik türündeki metinlerin incelenmesinde referans alınan özelliklerden yola çıkılmışsa da, çalışma, metnin türe uygunluğunu değerlendirmekten ziyade, Orwell’ın gazetecilik pratiği ve anlayışının bu özelliklerdeki katkısını ve yazarın edebi gazetecilik geleneğindeki öncü konumunu ve etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Orwell’ın gazetecilik deneyimine yakından bakmanın, kökeni modern gazetecilik öncesi döneme dayanan bir haber formunu, haber yapma pratiğini ve habercilik anlayışını niteleyen ve bugün ‘yavaş gazeteciliğin’ karşılığı haline gelen edebi gazeteciliğin mevcut koşullardaki önemini ve olanaklarını vurgulamak açısından önemli olduğu düşüncesiyle tasarlanan çalışmanın, gazeteciliğin güncel sorunları üzerine süregelen tartışmalara açılım sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
One of the historic pioneers and most powerful representatives of literary journalism / literary interview type that has begun to be re-discovered in recent years in the field of journalism is undoubtedly the British novelist and journalist George Orwell (1903-1950). Orwell, who has worked in the various fields of journalism, is recognised as the most influential political writer of the twentieth century with his powerful texts on a wide range of topics and kinds on political, social and literary issues in the 1930s and 1940s in various newspapers and magazines. The writer, who has placed the economic and social injustice caused by modernization and industrialization in the center of political journalism, is also referred to as the pioneer of the British literary journalism tradition, especially with his fictional and reality-based texts that describe the life of the poor and the working class in European cities. In this study, which focuses on the literary journalism practice that made him superior in Orwell’s diverse journalism experience, the author examined the 1930s of the disaster in the industrial areas in the northern parts of England and the negative working and living conditions of miners based on intensive observation and research and the Wigan Scale Road (1937) which was considered one of the first impressive examples of literary journalism. The work, taking advantage of the characteristics of literary journalism, has been analyzed in a conceptual and historical background within the relevant literature framework. Although the analysis is based on the characteristics referred to in the study of texts in the type of literary journalism, the study aims to reveal Orwell's journalism practice and understanding's contribution to these characteristics and the author's leadership and influence in the literary journalism tradition, rather than assessing the suitability of the text. The study, designed to look closely at Orwell’s journalism experience, with the idea that it is important to emphasize the importance and possibilities of literary journalism in the current circumstances, which characterizes a form of news based on the pre-modern journalism, the practice of reporting and the understanding of journalism, and which is now a reward for “lower journalism”, is expected to open up to continuous discussions on the current issues of journalism.
In recent years, with the need for high quality content, story construction and in-depth investigation in journalism, literary journalism/literary reportage has been rediscovered. One of the pioneers and the most powerful worldwide known representatives of the genre is undoubtedly the English novelist and journalist George Orwell (1903-1950). Best known as a novelist, Orwell worked in different fields of journalism as well; with both his novels and the powerful texts covering a wide range of themes and genres that he wrote in several newspapers and magazines in the 1930s and the 1940s on the political, social and literary issues of the period, he is considered as the most influential political writer of the twentieth century. Taking the economic and social injustice created by modernism and industrialisation as the focus of political journalism, the writer has also been referred as the pioneer of English literary journalism tradition, especially with his texts on the boundaries of fiction and reality, in which he tells the life of the poor and the working class based on witnessing in the cities of Europe. Focusing on the practice of literary journalism that made him outstanding in his versatile journalism experience, this study analyses Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) which is considered as one of the most striking prototypes of literary journalism, and in which the writer tells the misery and the adverse working and living conditions of the mine workers in northern regions of England, based on extensive observation and investigation. The work has been analysed in the light of the characteristics of literary journalism in a conceptual and historical background within the framework of relevant literature. Although the analysis has started off with the characteristics that are taken as reference in examining texts of literary journalism genre, this study, rather than evaluating the text’s relevance to the genre, aims to put forth the contribution of Orwell’s journalism practice and understanding to these characteristics along with his pioneering position and influence in the literary journalism tradition. Designed with the idea that looking closer on Orwell’s pioneering journalism experience is important in terms of emphasising the significance and opportunities of literary journalism in current circumstances, the study is expected to provide an insight for the on-going discussions on current problems of journalism, since literary journalism embodies a news form, a news reporting practice, and an understanding of news reporting rooted in pre-journalism period, and has become the equivalent of ‘slow journalism’ today.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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