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Parlamentolar demokrasinin pratikte uygulanmasını sağlayan en önemli araç olmakla birlikte parlamento dışı güçler de demokrasilerin sağlıklı işlemesine yardımcı olabilmektedir. Demokrasinin çoğulculuk ilkesinin parlamentodaki görünümü muhalefet partileridir. Bu ilkenin parlamento dışında da pratikte uygulamalarına rastlanmaktadır. Özellikle sivil toplum kuruluşları bu görevi üstlenmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra kadınlar demokrasinin gelişmesinde ve demokratikleşme süreçlerinde siyasal iktidar tarafından araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Demokrasinin gelişmesinde cinsiyet eşitliği önemli bir kriter olarak sunulmuş ve bu durum siyasal anlamda geri planda olan kadına siyasal haklar verilmesi ile sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, parlamento dışı muhalefet örneği olarak kadınlar ve kadın örgütlerinin siyasal alanda etkisi Türkiye ve dünyadaki kadın hareketleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı tarihsel süreç içeresinde cinsiyetler arası eşitsizliğe karşı mücadelenin siyasal alanda parlamento dışında bir siyasal muhalefet oluşturduğudur. Oluşan bu muhalefet, mücadelenin biçimine göre de farklılık taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de modernleşme çabalarının bir unsuru olarak kadına verilen hakların devlet eliyle gerçekleşmesi batıdaki mücadele tarzından farklı oluşmuş, bu durum ise kadın hareketlerinin batıdakinden farklı bir seyir izlemesine neden olmuştur. Günümüzde ise bu farklılığın sonuçlarını analiz edebilmek adına 2017 yılında gerçekleşen kadın hareketlerinin bir değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve Türkiye ve dünyadaki kadın hareketlerinin muhalefet etme sürecindeki taleplerinin hangi alanlarda olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada tarihsel ve betimsel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Kadın örgütlerinin parlamento dışı muhalefet örneği olarak siyasal iktidarların uygulamalarına karşı görüş ve düşünceleri ile Türkiye ve dünya örnekleri betimsel yöntem ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tarihsel yöntem olarak ise siyasi kadın hareketlerinin parlamento dışı muhalefet olarak tarihsel arka planına değinilmiştir.
Where parliaments are the most significant tools for democracy to come into being, non-parliamentary powers could facilitate sound operation of democracies. Democracy’s principle of pluralism appears in the parliament as the opposition parties. This principle is put into practice outside the parliament, as well. The non-governmental organizations undertake this role. Moreover, women have been used by the political power as a tool in the democratization processes and for the development of democracy. Gender equality has been presented as an important criterion in the development of democracy, which has been facilitated by granting political rights to women who previously remained in the background on political terms. In this research, an example of non-parliamentary opposition is studied with regard to the political role of women and women’s associations and women’s movements in Turkey and around the world. The basic assumption of the research is that the struggle against gender inequality in history has generated a non-parliamentary political opposition in the political arena. The way of opposition varies depending on the type of struggle. In Turkey, the government’s granting rights to women as part of the modernization efforts differed from the way of struggle in the West, which caused women’s movements to progress in a different way than those of the West. In order to analyze the results of this difference today, women’s movements of the year 2017 are assessed to reveal in which areas the demands of women’s movements in Turkey and around the world came out in their opposing process. Historical and descriptive methods are used in the research. As an example of non-parliamentary opposition, the opinions and views of women’s associations in Turkey and around the world against the political powers, are assessed with the descriptive method. The historical method of the research deals with the historical background of political movements of women as an example of non-parliamentary opposition.
Whereas parliaments are the most significant tools for democracy to come into being, non-parliamentary powers could facilitate sound operation of democracies. Democracy's principle of pluralism appears in the parliament as the opposition parties. This principle is put into practice outside the parliament, as well. Particularly the non-governmental organizations undertake this role. Besides, women have been used by the political power as a tool in the democratization processes and for the development of democracy. Gender equality has been presented as an important criterion in the development of democracy, which has been facilitated by granting political rights to women who previously remained in the background on political terms. In this research, an example of non-parliamentary opposition is studied with respect to the political role of women and women's associations and women's movements in Turkey and around the world. The basic assumption of the research is that the struggle against gender inequality in history has generated a non-parliamentary political opposition in the political arena. The way of opposition varies depending on the type of struggle. In Turkey, the government's granting rights to women as a part of the modernization efforts differed from the way of struggle in the West, which caused women's movements to progress in a different manner than those of the West. In order to analyze the results of this difference today, women's movements of the year 2017 are assessed to reveal out in which areas the demands of women's movements in Turkey and around the world came out in their opposing process. Historical and descriptive methods are used in the research. As an example of non-parliamentary opposition, the opinions and views of women's associations in Turkey and around the world against the political powers, are assessed with the descriptive method. The historical method of the research deals with the historical background of political movements of women as an example of non-parliamentary opposition.
Field : Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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