Özet:

Extended Abstract Urbanization is the translocation of the human population from rural areas to urban areas. This translocation is particularly from countryside towards urban regions. The reasons of translocation’s direction can be presented as bad urbanization of rural regions, the inferiority of rural areas in terms of social formations and economic developments to urban areas. Considering recent years, world continue to become urbanized rapidly. Besides, it is estimated that urban population will be approximately 6,4 billion until the end of 2050. This perhaps causes additional resource consumption, put further pressure on the already delicate economic system. Cities spent around 2/3 of global energy then formed above 70% of worldwide carbon dioxide emission (CE), still half of the population lived in urban regions (United Nations, 2014). Additional energy consumption means more carbon dioxide emission. It is observed that carbon dioxide emission is more in cities and urban areas. The world population is increased rapidly. In parallel with energy consumption is increas also. The relationship between energy consumption and environmental factors have increased by CO2 emissions day by day. Urbanization is a process of shifting of population from rural regions to urban regions and the mode in which society adapts to the change, but it is not limited of transferring people from rural to urban areas. It also the progression of the fundamental conversion of rural regions into urban regions, in short urbanization is the occurrence of social and economic innovation. In this study, the relations among carbon dioxide emission, urbanization, and development will be analyzed by using time series data of the years, 1968-2011 of Turkey. The study aims to determine long term interaction between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization by using applied co-integration approaches (Engle-Granger and Gregory Hansen Structural Break Test). The validity of co-integration vector was checked and the estimation of long term coefficients was made with the method of FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square) and the results were evaluated. According to results, it is determined that 1% rise in energy consumption, increases carbon dioxide emission for 1,02%; however, 1% rise in income per capita results in 0,03% decrease in carbon dioxide emission. Similar to energy consumption, 1% rise in capital asset formation increases carbon dioxide emission for 0,09%, and 1% rise urbanization increases carbon dioxide emission for 0,15%. Consequently, it is seen that there exists a long-term relation between carbon dioxide emission and urbanization. Moreover, as higher energy consumption also means higher pollution in the long-run, policy makers should stimulate alternative energy sources for meeting up the increasing energy demand. Clearly, the past studies appear to propose that urbanization is a contributing factor to the levels of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, there is need of some realistic policies should be adopted to encourage the low-carbon consuming activities of urban citizens and contain luxury consumption of energy-intensive products. So, the government has to develop systematic development for urban expansion. Furthermore, the government has the concern to enhance lower-carbon emission consumption pattern in the public and create it incorporated with each linkage of household and production living. Along with this the government has the concern to implement efficient methods to assist peoples to promote environmental friend and energy saving habits and use more low-carbon products.

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