Abstract:

One of the most crucial problems of the world in the 21st century is secure energy supply. In the world where energy consumption has increased by 40% between 1990 and 2008, more than 80% of the world's energy is supplied from fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas (WWF, 2011: 5). According to the International Energy Agency report, fossil fuels constituted 82% of global energy consumption in 2013 (IEA, 2014). In this context, the rate of natural gas in energy consumption share is 25,8%, petroleum 35,8%, coal 19,4% (IEA, 2014). Transportation and treatment costs for gas and coal drilling exceeded 950 billion dollars as of 2013. While the Middle East countries produce more than 30% of the oil production, natural gas  is produced by Caucasus and Asian countries, mainly the USA and Russia. In terms of coal production, Eastern Asia has a significant production potential.   Turkey is quite a suitable country in terms of renewable energy usage area and climatic conditions. According to some data of 2015, Turkey's annual electricity consumption is 261 billion 783 million kilowatt-hours (kWh).  The production rate of renewable energy in electric energy is approximately 30%. The goals set for the year 2023 of Turkey are to meet 30% of the electricity demand from renewable energy sources. Within the framework of 2023 goals of Turkey, it's aimed to operate all of the hydroelectric energy potential of the country for electricity production (around 36 GW), to increase the wind installed capacity to 20 GW, to reach a capacity of 600 MW for geothermal energy and to achieve a solar power of 3 GW.   Looking at the aims involved in "Turkey's National Program for Adoption of the EU Acquis "  notably Turkey's energy policies is seen to be compatible with the global energy policies including EU's policies. Within the framework of the energy supply security, the primary goals in Turkey's energy policy; to increase the share of  renewable clean energy sources in energy supply, to increase energy efficiency, to follow an environmentally friendly energy policy by reducing the use of fossil fuels and to increase the use of national natural resources by reducing energy dependency. The basic policy for this is; to increase incentives for investors for the installation of clean energy sources and to make clean energy as the main element of supply security. In this context, it should be increased in prices and durations of purchase warrants in the sun and wind, incentives to support fossil fuels for electricity generation should be removed and legal legislation for renewable energy should be put into practice. All in all, Turkey should aim to make renewable energy accessible in terms of cost, time and quantity for consumers.

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