Abstract:

Scientists have expressed that the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere causes an increase in global warming which results in climate changes, some unusual environmental events, and has negative effects on economic growth and development. With the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, aiming to reduce the negative effects of climate change, especially, emissions trading have become widely discussed as an instrument of climate policy. The emerging of some of the national emissions trading programs in the US in the 1970s and 1990s has also increased the interest in emission trading. Therefore, in terms of emissions trading many national and international programs have been established and within these programs the emission allowances of countries have been traded as spot and derivatives instruments on the over-the-counter markets and stock exchanges

Keywords: