Özet:

Upon the conclusion of the second siege of Vienna in defeat in 1699, the Otoman Empire, which was established as a margrave of the Seljuk Empire, following 400 years of rise, would enter first a period of decline and then in collapse. In this period, as a result of the Europe’s achievement of great power through colonization, emergence of Russia as a power of threat, military defeats, drift of historic trade routes, such as Silk Road, to the Ocean Coasts, and spread of nationalist political thoughts of French Revolution, the Ottoman Empire began to take Europe as a role model. In this perion (1789), which started with Sultan Selim III, the Otoman Empire began to imitate Europe in military, economic, political and social fields . This period, referred to also as Nizam-i Cedit , is regarded as the period of breakout from the Nizam-i Kadim and entry of Western thoughts into the Otoman Empire. Since the Westernism, Ottomanism and Islamism, which developped during the Tanzimat (1839), Reformation (1856) and Constitution (1877), failed to stop the collapse of the Empire, the recovery process of the State would continue as Turkism from 1908 onwards. In this study, we will analyze the modernization efforts of the Ottoman State and political currents of thought

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