Özet:

Abstract: This study tries to analyze the perceptions of Islam in the Turkish society which has a background of more than ten centuries. Turks accepted Islam in masses starting from the tenth century and integrated the Islamic belief system with the Turkish identity by internalizing the fundamental principles of Islam. Within the scope of the study are the place and role of Muslim Turks who realized this synthesis in the Islamic world, the Abbasid State, the Great Seljuk State, the Crusades, the Mongol raids and their damage to the Islamic civilization as well as the political and cultural activities the Ottoman State undertaken to compensate for this damage. The assumption of the caliphate during the Ottoman period by the Turks, who viewed the Islamic world as their own starting from the tenth century marks the beginning of a new era as regards the Turkish perceptions of the Islamic world. The Ottoman State kept the leadership of the Islamic world for centuries thereafter. One of the attempts to revive the Ottoman State, suffering from political and administrative problems towards the end of the 19th century, was formed around the idea of Islamism. The Ottoman intellectuals who wanted to create a synergy by making use of the idea of unity and fraternity that already exists in the essence of Islam under the leadership of the Caliphate represented by the Ottoman sultan believed that the unifying power of Islam would revive the Ottoman State. The establishment of the Republic of Turkey on secular principles after the failure of Islamism and other movements to keep the Ottoman State together has put an end to the influence of the basic principles of Islam on the government. Although there were practices aiming to make radical modifications in the Turkish perceptions of the Islamic world within the framework of a plan to create a new citizen type and a new nation in the first years of the Republican period, the maturation of democracy and the adoption of a multi-party system have led to a normalization in the Turkish people's perceptions of Islam more in line with its historical roots

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