Abstract:

After the October Revolution, Russia withdrew from the World War I signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. On the other side, the Ottoman Empire was also defeated in the War. Additionally, the civil war taking place in Russia, the Poland War, and Soviet policies aiming to spread Communism to the east, and the problems between Soviet Russia and Britain, the representative of world imperialism, helped the development of friendly relations between the Soviet Russia and Ankara Government. In that period, the Government of Ankara needed the support of the Soviets, because the Government aspired to found an independent State within the “Misakı Milli” (National Oath/ national borders) of Turkey under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The present analyzes the political and economical status of Russia during that period. Furthermore, the present study addresses the underlying reasons of the Moscow Treaty, which was signed between Russia and the new Government on March 16, 1921 and the political status in Russia during that period by comparing the interpretations of Turkish and Russian historians. It is also emphasized in the study that the aforementioned treaty started a new era between the two countries.

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