Özet:

In the Roman law, in the face of an unlawful situation, one person could have been recognised the right to multiple proceedings. In the same way, a case could be opened by a number of persons or against a number of persons. Even in some cases, against the same violation of the law, different persons were allowed to open different cases. The solution of the relationship between these cases varied primarily depending on whether the cases had the purposes of punishment or compensation. Secondly, in the Roman law of the classical period, after the litis contestatio of a case was made, the second case with eadem res could not be opened. In this case, the right of proceedings would be terminated either by ipso iure or exceptio rei iudicate vel in iudicium deductae. According to the way of settlement of unlawful behavior, when all of these cases could be opened together, the accumulation of cases would be a matter; if the litis contestatio of one case prevent the other case, the cases would be a matter of competition by consuming each other.

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