Özet:

Although there are many philosophers contrasting with their ideas and actions in history of philosophy, there are philosophers who don't compensate from their ideas even in the face of death. Undoubtedly, one of the most famous philosophers of them was Socrates who was the inspiration of many philosophers, especially Plato, for centuries. Socrates, known for "The only thing I know is that I know anything" comes from sophist tradition but also argues against this culture. Philosopher, who defenses episteme against doxa of sophists, defenses the universality of true information. True information is unique according to him. Moreover, each of all individuals has it at their heart. It is required to reveal the real information by using appropriate training. A correct social order can only be established by ideal citizens that reveal this entity. When Socrates was sentenced to death in 399 B.C, he attacked the citizens who were taking part in Athens democracy, having a voice in government and unaware of their own virtues, and he forthcomingly expressed his opinions about this issue. Although he had exile or penalty option, he preferred the death on behalf of the adhesion of imaginary contract made with his state. The case of Plato, which he mentioned in Defense of Socrates and Crito, was one of the most important texts of citizenship philosophy and established the prototype of social contracts that inspired the philosophers in Europe of Enlightenment after centuries of Socrates' death.

Anahtar Kelimeler: