Özet:

Christianity is one of the religions with the greatest number of members. However, those who regard themselves as Christians do not form a unified community. Since the early periods when Christianity was formed as a religion, very significant arguments have begun among Christians, and as a result of these disputes, there have been serious divisions among Christians. These divisions have formed the basis of Christian cults that continue until today.                After the 11th-century East-Orthodox and West-Catholic division, the West Church chose the name Catholic, which means universal, for itself and considered itself as the main church. The Catholic Church has assessed all currents that do not embrace their own teaching as heretical and has taken some precautions against them. In the 16th century, Catholic Christianity was faced with a reform process that was considered to have begun with Luther. While many criticisms of Luther's direction to the Catholic Church have been acknowledged before by some clerics, the debates that Luther began have resulted in a division that cannot be taken for granted in Christianity. In this process, Catholic clerics responded to Luther's criticism, sometimes with advocacy, sometimes with counterclaims, and this process was expressed in the Catholic Reform or Counter-Reform concepts. In the discussions that lived during this period, the Dominican Order was also in the forefront in efforts to protect and defend the official dogmas of Catholic Christianity. This work will include the developments in the counter-reformation movement initiated by the Catholic Church against the reform movement initiated by Luther and the contribution made by the Dominican Order to the Catholic Church in this difficult time.

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