Özet:

ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT Part of the Turkic tribes which have moved from Turkestan, having united with other various Turkic tribes, have created the Kazakh state which become one of leading powers of Turkestan and which later paid much for independence. Extreme efforts of Abylai Khan, Kenesary, Tauke Khan, Bogenbai, Bokei Khan and other known historical persons have brought them to these days. There were hard times throughout history of Kazakhs, such as the Jungarian invasion and the Russian colonialism. Rebellious Kazakh leaders added more to the problems in difficult times. Division of Kazakhs into the juz system, and collisions and disagreements with the other Turkic peoples caused often foreign interventions and invasions. Kazakhstan was colonized and exploited by various forces, mainly Russia. Works of art were destroyed, and the population was exploited, creating political and social injustice. And the imperial Russia tried to deprive the Kazakhs of their language and religion with various projects. As a consequence, the cost of the struggle for freedom was forgotten, besides the national spirit, national values and real heroes, who replaced new, fictitious heroes. This was a new catastrophe. In last quarter of the 20th century the entire Kazakh people, together with the other peoples enduring the power of Soviets, rose against the foreign administration. The result was indeed fruit of the centuries-long efforts and struggles. History of the Kazakhs for last century would reveal the heroic past of this people

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