Özet:

Abstract  Before the Mongols established a rule around the Eastern Black Sea region, this are had staged a power struggle between the Anatolian Seljuks and Trebizond Byzantium. As a result to that, the are a was divided between the Anatolian Seljuk and Trebizond Pontic states. Also, Trebizond Pontos became a client state to Anatolian Seljuks. Starting of the Mongol rule in the Eastern Black Sea Region occurs after the Battle of Kösedağ in 1243. Around this time, Alaeddin Keykubad I was on Anatolian Seljuk throne. The Mongolian treat that started during his time reached a maximum with the invasion of Erzurum and Erzincan during Giyaseddin Keyhüsrev II’s tenure. After this battle the Anatolian Seljuks and the Trebizond Pontics both came under the souzerainty of Mongols. No information is found regarding the deal between the Trebizond Pontics and the Mongols. But the information provided by the Latin traveller Rubruck provids regarding a Trebizond Governor named Guido paying taxes to Mongols is a proof of this fact. It is observed that the Mongols who ruled the area were in relation mostly to Anatolian Seljuks. That Dokuz Khatun, the spouse of Ilkhan Hulagu was Christian helped Mongols establish good relations with Trebizond Pontics. Sacking of Bayburt, İspir, Aras Valley, Erzurum, Şavşat and Artvin happened as the result of such good relations. But such good relations didn’t last long. The continuous changing of power around the Eastern Black Sea region caused changes in the policies of Mongols. It also makes among the leading reasons that the Turkmens fleeing from the Mongolian invasion had prevented the establishment of a certain souvereignty around the region. In addition to that, the sacking of the region from the Fortuna stream, Çoruh river, Artvin, Borçka, Şaşat, Ardanuç, Yusufeli, all the way to Torul by the Orthodox Kipchaks headed by the Pope Sargis, weakened the power of Trebizond Pontics. Such details set basis to the alliance between the Anatolian Seljuks and the Mongols. Hence the Mongol Khan Abaka provided support to Anatolian Seljuks against the Trebizond Pontic swho set a campaign on Sinop. As a result of that, the city returned back to Anatolian Seljuk control. But the alliance between the Mongols and the Anatolian Seljuks did not last very long. Invitation of Mongols to Anatolia by the Anatolian Seljuk vizier Muiniddin Pervane Süleyman, and the invasion of Elbistan by the Mongols broket he Seljuk-Mongol alliance. Abaka Khan held Vizier Muiniddin Pervane responcible and had him killed. As the Mongols faced a Mamluk threat from the south, they couldn’t pay much attention to Eastern Black Sea region. The influence of the Mongols, who were not too much interested in the coastal cities, decreased around the Eastern Black Sea region, by the beginning of 14th century. Abaka Khan’s preparation to a campaign in 1280 on the Mamluks is a proof of this fact. Thus the Mongols didn’t haveany further campaing towards the Eastern Black Sea region from that date on. But, it might be said that the Mongols kept an eye on Trebizond. Trebizond is an important location for being a sea port. The in fromation provided by the Ilkahanate historian Rashid-al-Dîn about this matter is important. Rashid-al-Dîn shared the information about the Byzantian province sand the northern gulfs that Mawlana Kutb-al-Dîn Shirazi had obtained from the maps, with the Mongols. Though the Mongols headed south, they were naturally intersted in affairs around Eastern Black Sea. This papers tudies the policies of the Mongols regarding the Eastern Black Sea region. The Mongolian invasion was not influencive only around the Central and Eastern Anatolia. An other geography that the Mongols were influencive was Eastern Black Sea. But the sources do not include sufficient information regarding the affects of the Mongols on Black Sea. Therefore the studies on the region offer many difficulties. This paper tries to comment the infromation obtained from the sources of the era and the research works, and thus to provide information regarding the Mongol influence around the Eastern Black Sea. It also aims to politically, economically, and socially examine the history of theregion, as much as the help the sources provide. Hence, the history of the region in the mentioned centuries has been evaluated from all aspects. Thus, the influences of theMongol rule are the Eastern Black Sea region have been elucidated.

Anahtar Kelimeler: