Abstract:

After the end of the First World War, many negotiations between the Allies were held since December of 1918, in the course of sharing of the Middle East and establishing new states.  In January 1919, during the Paris Peace Conference where the post-war new world order would discuss, the way of the establishment of the states in Syria and Iraq was put on the agenda. However, when it was taken account of the British declaration of establishing a Jewish settlement in Palestine in the Balfour Declaration in 1917, it was not possible to preserve the peace in Arab lands. The British and the French were faced with intense reactions in the process of implementing the decisions of the San Remo Conference which was held in April 1920 to shape the peace treaty with Ottoman State, in Syria, Palestine and Iraq. Besides, as a result of British-French negotiations which started in 1919 and concentrated during 1920, the withdrawal of British from Syria for the benefits of France disappointed Sheriff Hussein and his son Faisal, this caused new uncertainties for the region. Hence, the expulsion of Faisal from Syria after the Battle of Maysalun in July, 1920 began to disturb the British. Britain helped Faisal to become the king of Iraq and had a green light to his brother Abdullah to become king in Jordan in order to prevent them as an impediment in Cairo Conference in March 1921. Despite all the arrangements, the British and French mandate regimes faced with serious difficulties in the process of establishing full control in Arab lands while trying to keep their sovereignty. 

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