Abstract:

According to Weber, the Calvinist professional ethics, which is based on the understanding that work and abstinence from wastefulness without having any worldly pursuits are the essentially important tasks to serve God instead of a reclusion by abandoning the world, has been an effective factor in the development of a rational lifestyle based on a rational perspective and the formation of capitalism. According to Weber, the reason why capitalism emerged in the West, especially in regions dominated by Protestants, and not elsewhere is that such an "ethics" leading professional activity did not develop in the other Christian sects and other religions in the world. Ulgener predicated his views on the Weberian point of view, which postulated that the Protestant ethics, especially Calvinist professional ethics played a critical role in the emergence of capitalism and he aimed at demonstrating whether the Ottoman economic mentality experienced a similar, parallel transformation or not. According to Ülgener, the Melamilik (Malamatiyya) movement that highlighted a different approach to the worldly activities and placed emphasis on professional work within the framework of tasavvuf (Islamic mysticism) in contrast with the Western (Esoteric) form of tasavvuf, which emphasized contentment with less by abondoning the world, had a spirit that could shape a professional ethics similar to the Protestant professional ethics. Ulgener suggests that the economic mentality of the Ottoman Empire was shaped by Westernity, which caused introversiveness and tepidity, and not by this spirit of Melamics, therefore, it played a role in our economic collapse (decline) as the essential factor. According to Algeria, Weber acted prejudiced in his comments about Islam

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