Özet:

The Fatimids took control of Egypt in 358 Hijri year after the domination of the Umayyad and Abbasid, and built Al-Azhar mosque in the years 259 - 362. After a short period of time, the Fatimids used Al-Azhar mosque as study circles center to shiitenize the people. To refute the Shia thought, Al-Azhar mosque was undermined by alternative madrasas during the Ayyubid period. In the reign of the Mamluks, Al-Azhar became the study circles center again. There was no progress in education during the Ottoman period. Al-Azhar scholars became the pioneers of the renewal movement since 1805 when Mehmet Ali became the governor of Egypt. Most of the students and scholars sent to Europe in 1826 consisted of those Al-Azhar scholars. Starting from 1872 until 1930, the education system in Egypt went through a renewal process. Education at Al-Azhar was indirectly affected during this renewal process. Starting from 1930, Al-Azhar began to have a modern school and university/faculty system instead of the classical madrasah system. Starting with three faculties with Islamic studies curriculum, Al-Azhar has reached 58 faculties and 25 research centers by adding new faculties or research centers every passing year. Today, Al-Azhar University, which accepts overseas Muslim students from 115 different states and has a total population of 310,392 Muslim students including 15,883 overseas students, is one of the largest universities in the world in terms of the student population it accommodates.

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