Abstract:

This paper aims at searching for which internal and external causes were effective in the rise and formative progress of classical disputes of speculative theology. Internal factors consist of commenting verses in the Holy Qur’an which are complicated their meanings in different ways and political struggles. On the one hand, the foreign religions, sects and civilizations, in addition to the philosophical movements, translation activities that are done from Greek, Syrian, and Persian into Arabic fulfilled function as external influences on the other hand. Furthermore, foreign motives had sped course of coming to existence and formation in science of theology. The theological problems that are centered on subjects such as the relationship between essence and attributes, the created Qur’an, anthropomorphism, free will and predestination, metaphysics of substances and accidents, causation, imamate, and the Muslim Messianism occupy an important place among the classical discussions.