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Balkanlardan Osmanlı topraklarına yerleşen muhacirlere yeni bir hayat kurabilmeleri için askeri ve mali konularda çeşitli muafiyetler tanınmıştır. Muhacirler göç ve iskân tarihinden itibaren altı yıl askerlikten, iki yıl da aşar, temettü, ağnam gibi vergilerden muaf tutulmuşlardır. Ancak I. Dünya Savaşı’nın yol açtığı ekonomik güçlükler uygulamada bir takım sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Örneğin aşar vergisinden muaf tutulan muhacirlerden bazıları yerleşik halkın ürününü de kendi mahsulü gibi göstererek haksız kazanç elde etmişlerdir. Bunun üzerine Hükümet, iskân edilmiş ve zirai üretim yapan muhacirlerin mahsullerinden aşar oranında “Hisse-i Teavün” (Yardım Hissesi) adıyla 17 Haziran 1915’te yeni bir vergi alma yoluna gitmiştir. Böylece hem aşar vergisinin toplanmasında yaşanan suiistimallerin ortadan kaldırılması hem de durumu iyi olan muhacirlerden alınacak vergi ile yine zor durumda olanlara yardım edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uygulamada da toplanan verginin muhacirlerin ihtiyaçları için kullanılmasına büyük özen gösterilmiştir. Verginin takip ve tahsili yerel yöneticilerin yanı sıra İskan-ı Muhacirin Komisyonları’nın denetiminde gerçekleşmiştir. Muhacir komisyonlarına ait ambarlarda toplanan buğday, arpa, yulaf gibi tahıllar tohumluk ve yemeklik olarak muhacirlere dağıtılmıştır. Yaklaşık iki yıllık bir uygulamadan sonra Hisse-i Teavün Vergisi kaldırılmıştır. Muhtaç muhacirlere ileride karşılılığı alınmak üzere devletin kendi hazinesinden tohumluk verilmesi uygun görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada I. Dünya Savaşı’nın yol açtığı ekonomik güçlükler karşısında Hükümet’in daha önce vergiden muaf tuttuğu muhacirlerden aşar oranında aldığı “Hisse-i Teavün” vergisi ve muhacirlerin iaşesi meselesi incelenmiştir. Muhacirlerden yardım payı adı altında alınan verginin yine onların ihtiyaçları için kullanılmasının I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarındaki önemi üzerinde durulmuştur.
The immigrants who moved to Ottoman land from the Balkans were provided with various exemptions in military and financial aspects so that they could start new lives. The immigrants were exempted from military duty for six years from the date of immigration and inhabitation and from various taxes such as tithe, dividend and cattle tax for two years. However, the economic difficulties caused by World War I generated some problems in practice. For example, some of the immigrants who were exempted from tithe tax registered the products of the local public as their own crop and received unfair profits. Then, on 17 June 1915, the Government resorted to collecting a new tax called "Hisse-i Teavün" tax (mutual aid share) from the tithe ratios of the crops from immigrant settlers who did agricultural production. In this way, misconducts experienced in collecting tithe tax would be eliminated and the tax collected from the well-off immigrants would be used to help the needed. Extreme attention was paid to utilize the collected tax for the needs of the immigrants. Follow up and collection of the tax was implemented under the supervision of the Immigration Settlement (Immigration Settlement) Commissions in addition to local administrators. Gains such as wheat, barley and oat that were collected in the warehouses that belonged to thtithe, dividend and cattle tax for two years. However, the economic difficulties caused by World War I generated some problems in practice. For example, some of the immigrants who were exempted from tithe tax registered the products of the local public as their own crop and received unfair profits. Then, on 17 June 1915, the Government resorted to collecting a new tax called "Hisse-i Teavün" tax (mutual aid share) from the tithe ratios of the crops from immigrant settlers who did agricultural production. In this way, misconducts experienced in collecting tithe tax would be eliminated and the tax collected from the well-off immigrants would be used to help the needed. Extreme attention was paid to utilize the collected tax for the needs of the immigrants. Follow up and collection of the tax was implemented under the supervision of the Immigration Settlement (Immigration Settlement) Commissions in addition to local administrators. Gains such as wheat, barley and oat that were collected in the warehouses that belonged to the commissions were distributed to the immigrants for food and seed. After about a two-year practice, this tax was abolished. It was found more appropriate to provide the poor immigrants with the seed from government treasury to be paid later. This study examined the subsistence of the immigrants and "Hisse-i Teavün" collected based on the ratio of tithe from the immigrants who were previously exempted from tax by the Government as a result of the economic difficulties caused by World War I. In the light of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive documents, the study focused on the importance of using the tax collected as mutual aid share to be used for the needs of the immigrants during the First World War period. e commissions were distributed to the immigrants for food and seed. After about a two-year practice, this tax was abolished. It was found more appropriate to provide the poor immigrants with the seed from government treasury to be paid later. This study examined the subsistence of the immigrants and "Hisse-i Teavün" collected based on the ratio of tithe from the immigrants who were previously exempted from tax by the Government as a result of the economic difficulties caused by World War I. In the light of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive documents, the study focused on the importance of using the tax collected as mutual aid share to be used for the needs of the immigrants during the First World War period.
The immigrants who moved to Ottoman land from the Balkans were provided with various exemptions in military and financial aspects so that they could start new lives. The immigrants were exempted from military duty for six years from the date of immigration and inhabitation and from various taxes such as tithe, dividend and cattle tax for two years. However, the economic difficulties caused by World War I generated some problems in practice. For instance, some of the immigrants who were exempted from tithe tax registered the products of the local public as their own crop and received unfair profits. Then, on 17 June 1915, the Government resorted to collecting a new tax called “Hisse-i Teavün” tax (mutual aid share) from the tithe ratios of the crops from immigrant settlers who did agricultural production. In this way, misconducts experienced in collecting tithe tax would be eliminated and the tax collected from the well-off immigrants would be used to help the needy. Extreme attention was paid to utilize the collected tax for the needs of the immigrants. Follow up and collection of the tax was implemented under the supervision of İskan-ı Muhacirin (Immigration Settlement) Commissions in addition to local administrators. Gains such as wheat, barley and oat that were collected in the warehouses that belonged to thtithe, dividend and cattle tax for two years. However, the economic difficulties caused by World War I generated some problems in practice. For instance, some of the immigrants who were exempted from tithe tax registered the products of the local public as their own crop and received unfair profits. Then, on 17 June 1915, the Government resorted to collecting a new tax called “Hisse-i Teavün” tax (mutual aid share) from the tithe ratios of the crops from immigrant settlers who did agricultural production. In this way, misconducts experienced in collecting tithe tax would be eliminated and the tax collected from the well-off immigrants would be used to help the needy. Extreme attention was paid to utilize the collected tax for the needs of the immigrants. Follow up and collection of the tax was implemented under the supervision of İskan-ı Muhacirin (Immigration Settlement) Commissions in addition to local administrators. Gains such as wheat, barley and oat that were collected in the warehouses that belonged to the commissions were distributed to the immigrants for food and seed. After about a two-year practice, this tax was abolished. It was found more appropriate to provide the poor immigrants with the seed from government treasury to be paid later. This study examined the subsistence of the immigrants and “Hisse-i Teavün” collected based on the ratio of tithe from the immigrants who were previously exempted from tax by the Government as a result of the economic difficulties caused by World War I. In the light of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive documents, the study focused on the importance of using the tax collected as mutual aid share to be utilized for the needs of the immigrants during World War I period. e commissions were distributed to the immigrants for food and seed. After about a two-year practice, this tax was abolished. It was found more appropriate to provide the poor immigrants with the seed from government treasury to be paid later. This study examined the subsistence of the immigrants and “Hisse-i Teavün” collected based on the ratio of tithe from the immigrants who were previously exempted from tax by the Government as a result of the economic difficulties caused by World War I. In the light of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive documents, the study focused on the importance of using the tax collected as mutual aid share to be utilized for the needs of the immigrants during World War I period.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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