19’ncu yüzyıl Fransız düşünür Auguste Comte, modern bilimlerin epistemolojik zeminini oluşturan pozitivizmin (olguculuk) olduğu kadar, yeni bir dinin de kurucusu kabul edilmektedir. Aydınlanma Çağı’nın sosyo-politik getirilerinin yanında Comte’un şahsi tecrübeleri, kendisinin ifadesi ile seküler bir İnsanlık Dini’nin kurulmasını zaruri hale getirmiştir. 1852’de kaleme aldığı Pozitivizmin İlmihali’nde (Catechisme Positiviste) yeni bir din kurduğunu iddia eden Comte, kutsiyetini bizatihi insanlıktan alan bir dünya tasavvuru kurgulamış, bu tasavvurun meydana gelişini ise düşünce tarihinin deterministik bir evrim yasası olarak tasarladığı Üç Hal Kanunu’na dayandırmıştır. Kilisenin itibarsızlaştığı ve içtimai nizamı sağlamada yetersiz kaldığı, ahlaki çöküntü ve manevi boşluğun egemen olduğu bir dönemde yaşamış olan Comte, toplumu bir arada tutmak üzere tutkal vazifesi görecek sivil bir din tasarlayarak, bu dinin bilinçli bir sevgi üzerine kurulması, bilginin ise maddeyi aşkın bir vahiyden ziyade, deney ve gözleme dayanan olgusal bilgi ile edinilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamıştır. Kuruluşunu tamamlamasının ardından kendisini İnsanlık Dini’nin en yüksek rahibi ve peygamberi ilan eden Comte, bazı devlet büyüklerine Pozitif İlmihali göndererek bu dine davet etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Auguste Comte’un kurguladığı İnsanlık Dini’nin, 19’ncu yüzyıl Avrupası’nın nesnel şartlarının bir sonucu olduğunu göstermek, topluma mühendislik gayesi ile yönelmenin bilimsel tanımı olan pozitif felsefe ile olan ilişkisini belirtmek ve bu dinin dayandığı metafizik bir evrim yasası olan Üç Hal Kanunu’nu tanıtmaktır. Araştırma, ikinci el kaynaklara dayanan, teorik (kuramsal) bir araştırmadır.
The 19th century French philosopher Auguste Comte is considered to be the founder of a new religion, as well as the positivism that constitutes the epistemological basis of modern sciences. In addition to the socio-political bringings of the Age of Enlightenment, the personal experiences of Comte have made it necessary to establish a secular Religion of Humanity. Comte, who claims to have established a new religion in The Catechism of Positive Religion (1852), has designed a world imagination attaining its sacredness from humanity per se, and based its occurrence on The Law of Three Stages which was designed as a deterministic evolutionary law of thought. Comte, who lived in a period where the church was discredited, inadequate to provide social order, the moral collapse and the spiritual looseness dominated, emphasized the vitalism of a civil religion – based on conscious love – that would serve as a glue to keep the society together, and the knowledge that should be acquired by factual data based on experiment and observation. After completing his founding, Comte who proclaimed himself the highest priest and prophet, have sent The Catechism and invited some statesmen to The Religion of Humanity. The aim of this study is to show the Auguste Comte's Religion of Humanity as a result of the objective conditions of the 19th century Europe, to express its relationship with the positive philosophy which is the scientific definition of social engineering, and to introduce The Three Stages of Law as a metaphysical evolutionary law. The research is a theoretical analysis, based on secondary sources.
The 19th century French philosopher Auguste Comte is considered to be the founder of a new religion, as well as the positivism that constitutes the epistemological basis of modern sciences. In addition to the socio-political bringings of the Age of Enlightenment, the personal experiences of Comte have made it necessary to establish a secular Religion of Humanity. Comte, who claims to have established a new religion in The Catechism of Positive Religion (1852), has designed a world imagination attaining its’ sacredness from humanity per se, and based its occurrence on The Law of Three Stages which was designed as a deterministic evolutionary law of thought. Comte, who lived in a period where the church was discredited, inadequate to provide social order, the moral collapse and the spiritual looseness dominated, emphasized the vitalism of a civil religion -based on conscious love- that would serve as a glue to keep the society together, and the knowledge that should be acquired by factual data based on experiment and observation. After completing his founding, Comte who proclaimed himself the highest priest and prophet, have sent The Catechism and invited some statesmen to The Religion of Humanity. The aim of this study is to show the Auguste Comte's Religion of Humanity as a result of the objective conditions of 19th century Europe, to express its relation with the positive philosophy which is the scientific definition of social engineering, and to introduce The Three Stages of Law as a metaphysical evolutionary law. The research is a theoretical analysis, based on secondary sources.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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