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1955 yılında Vietnam Savaşı'nın başlaması üzerine Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), Güney Vietnam'ı, Çin ise Kuzey Vietnam'ı destekleme kararı almıştı. 1960'lı yıllara gelindiğinde ABD, Kuzey Vietnam'ın, Güney Vietnam'ı işgal etmesini engellemek amacıyla doğrudan savaşa müdahil olmuştu. ABD'nin temel amacı Komünizm ideolojisinin Güney Vietnam'da egemen olmasını engellemekti. Bu aşamada Çin, ABD'nin Vietnam Savaşı'na doğrudan müdahalesini ağır bir şekilde eleştirmiş ve iki ülke arasındaki ilişkiler Kore Savaşı'ndan sonraki en gerilimli evresine girmişti. Çin, ülke genelinde ABD karşıtı kamuoyu oluşturabilmek için yoğun bir şekilde propaganda faaliyetine girişmişti. Bu süreçte Çin tarafından posterler propaganda amaçlı etkili bir şekilde kullanılmıştı. Çalışma kapsamında Vietnam Savaşı sırasında kullanılan propaganda posterlerinde Çin'in ABD'yi nasıl ve ne şekilde yansıttığı ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Uluslararası Sosyal Tarih Enstitüsü'nde (ISSH) bulunan Çin propaganda posterleri içerisinden amaçlı örneklem metodu kullanılarak belirlenen altı propaganda posteri göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Posterler, Fransız dilbilimci Roland Barthes'ın göstergebilim anlayışı üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada Vietnam Savaşı sırasında ABD-Çin arasında yaşanan gerilimin doğrudan posterlere yansıtıldığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Posterlerde, Çin yönetimin ABD'nin Vietnam'a müdahalesini ağır bir şekilde eleştirirken, Kuzey Vietnam ordusunu da doğrudan desteklediği görülmüştür. Bu şekilde ABD karşıtlığının Çin kamuoyunda daha da güçlendirilmesinin amaçlandığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
In 1955, when the Vietnam War began, the United States decided to support South Vietnam, and China decided to support North Vietnam. By the 1960s, the United States was directly interfering in the war to prevent North Vietnam from occupying South Vietnam. The main objective of the United States was to prevent the communist ideology from dominating South Vietnam. At this stage, China criticized the U.S. direct intervention in the Vietnam War, and the relations between the two countries entered the post-Corean War stage. China has intensified its propaganda activity in order to create an anti-US public throughout the country. In this process, the posters were effectively used by China for propaganda purposes. In the context of the study, propaganda posters used during the Vietnam War were attempted to reveal how and how China reflected the United States. For this purpose, the six propaganda posters identified using the indicative analysis method in the Chinese propaganda posters located at the International Institute of Social History (ISSH). The posters were analyzed by the French linguist Roland Barthes. The study found that the tensions between the U.S. and China during the Vietnam War were reflected directly on the poster. In the posters, the Chinese government has seen it strongly criticized the U.S. intervention in Vietnam, while it also directly supports the North Vietnam army. In this way, it is revealed that the US opposition is intended to strengthen the Chinese public.
After the Vietnam War began in 1955, the United States of America (USA) decided to support South Vietnam. Thereupon China supported North Vietnam. In the 1960s, the United States directly joined in the war to prevent that North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam. The main aim of the USA was to prevent that the Communism ideology prevailed in South Vietnam. At this stage, China heavily criticized the direct intervention of the United States in the Vietnam War and relations between the two countries were in worst condition.after the Korean War. China intensively engaged in propaganda activities to create anti-USA public opinion. In this process, posters were used effectively for propaganda purposes by China. Within the scope of the study, it was tried to show how and in what way China reflected the USA in the propaganda posters used during the Vietnam War. For this purpose, six propaganda posters which were determined by using sampling method in Chinese propaganda posters which were in International Social History Institute (ISSH) were examined using semiotic analysis method. The posters were analyzed over the French linguist Roland Barthes' semiotics understanding. The study revealed that the tension between USA and China during the Vietnam War was directly reflected on posters. In the posters, the Chinese government heavily criticized the USA intervention in Vietnam, while the North Vietnamese army was directly supported. In this way, it was revealed that the aim was to strengthen the anti-USA opposition in the Chinese public opinion.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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