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Aşırı turizm, yerel halkın ya da ziyaretçiler açısından, bir bölgede çok fazla ziyaretçi olduğuna ve bölgedeki yaşam kalitesinin ya da turistik deneyimin kalitesinin kabul edilemez bir şekilde kötüleşmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Aşırı turizm artan tıkanıklık ve kamusal alanların özelleştirilmesi, kruvaziyer turizmindeki artış, mevsimsel ve günlük ziyaretçilerin sayısındaki hızlı büyüme, turizm artışına bağlı emlak spekülasyonunu ve ziyaretçilere karşı yerel halkın satın alma gücü paritesindeki düşüşü, sosyo-kültürel bağlantının ortadan kaldırılması gibi nedenlerle ilgilidir. Bu nedenler neticesinde popüler turistik destinasyonlarda yaşayanlar sınırsız bir turistik büyümeye karşı gelmektedirler. Buna bağlı olarak turistik büyümeyi sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yönetememeden kaynaklı Venedik ve Barselona başta olmak üzere çok tercih edilen bazı destinasyonlarda turizme ve turiste karşı tutumlar oluşmaktadır. Dünya genelinde istihdam yaratıcı ve gelir getirici önemli bir sektör olarak turizmin büyümesini durdurmadan bu durumu yönetebilecek eylem ve politikaların oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Böylece aşırı turizmden etkilenen destinasyonların yönetilmesi ile birlikte aşırı turizmden etkilenebilecek potansiyel destinasyonların da önlem alması sağlanabilecektir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın temel amacı, aşırı turizm kavramı ve aşırı turizmin etkilerinin mevcut durumunu kavramsal çerçevede incelenmektir. Ayrıca araştırmanın sonunda aşırı turizmin etkilerinin yönetilmesine yönelik öneriler de sunulmuştur.
Excessive tourism means that there are too many visitors in a region from the point of view of the local population or visitors and that the quality of life in the region or the quality of the tourist experience is unacceptablely deteriorating. Extreme tourism is associated with increased blocks and privatization of public spaces, increased crocodile tourism, rapid growth in the number of seasonal and daily visitors, real estate speculation associated with increased tourism and the decline in the parity of local people's purchasing power against visitors, the elimination of social-cultural connections. As a result of these reasons, those living in popular tourist destinations are opposed to unlimited tourist growth. As a result, there are attitudes against tourism and tourism in some of the most popular destinations, including Venice and Barcelona, which are not able to manage tourism growth in a sustainable way. There is a need to create actions and policies that can manage this situation without ceasing the growth of tourism as an important sector that creates jobs and generates revenues worldwide. Thus, with the management of the destinations affected by excess tourism, the potential destinations that may be affected by excess tourism will also be able to take measures. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to study the concept of excess tourism and the current state of the effects of excess tourism in a conceptual framework. In the end of the study, there were also recommendations for the management of the effects of excessive tourism.
Overtourism describes destinations where locals or visitors, feel that there are too many visitors and that the quality of life in the area or the quality of the experience has deteriorated unacceptably. Overtourism, is related to a variety of well-established causes, such as increased congestion and privatization of public spaces, explosive growth of cruise tourism, the rapid growth in numbers of seasonal and day visitors, the rise in tourism induced real estate speculation and the associated decline in purchasing power parity of local residents vs. visitors, the dismantling of socio-cultural connectivity. As a result of these reasons, those who live in popular tourist destinations are against to growing an unlimited tourist attraction. As a result, there are negative attitudes towards tourism and tourists in some of the most preferred destinations, especially in Venice and Barcelona, which do not manage to sustain tourism growth in a sustainable way. It is necessary to establish policies and actions that can manage this situation without stopping the growth of tourism as an important employment generating and income generating sector in the world. In this way, it will be possible to manage potential destinations that are affected by over tourism, as well as managing destinations affected by over tourism. Therefore the main purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of the effects of overtourism and overtourism in the conceptual framework. In addition, proposals to manage the effects of overtourism were presented at the end of the research.
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