Özet:

From the early beginning of human history, agriculture has continued its existence with precision in every age because of its being the first regarded sector in economic disciplines and being an important source of income,. The term of development has become prominent with the start of international growth competition and this situation has enhanced economic development; on the other hand, it has declined the importance of agricultural sector. Slowing down the improvement of policies convenient to agriculture and focusing on industry rather than agriculture have caused to failure of economic development in underdeveloped countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the role and the significance of agriculture in economic development and to refer to this case in Turkey. Agricultural sector has a complicated structure with its qualities and content. Agriculture’s dependence on weather conditions and earth causes it not to be continuous and not to have a stable course, thus leading the sector to have a number of deficiencies in the phase of development by being kept in the background. Economists’ supportive approaches to industry and service sector have increased investors’ concerns in “the excess of ambivalence and risks in agricultural sector”, and thus a wrong thought that the first condition of development is to decrease the agricultural activities emerged. This negative idea which is effective in overlooking agricultural policies reduced the level of welfare of those who exert agricultural activities by decreasing the prices of real agricultural products, as a result of which it has formed the basis for serious problems regarding productivity. The progress with one-way direction of evaluations has caused the role of agriculture in economical development to keep on with deficient identifications. But agriculture in economical development has advantages in appearance from many viewpoints. Before explanations are made about what the role of agriculture in economical development will be, some of the concepts need to be identified intelligibly. Firstly agriculture requires a regular activity. The regular activity is described as “vital, activities belonging to life”. This is at the same time a cycle that covers continuity, productivity and marketing. While investigating economical indications, economical development refers to holistic, dynamic structure that embraces social, political, psychological and international factors. Transforming agriculture, industry and service sectors in this coherence into the quality of assisting each other makes up an important phase because agriculture’s contributions to economical development can be seen more clearly in this cohesive phase. According to Rostow, mentioning the role of agricultural structuring in economical development, agriculture has a primary position in the first phase of social structure. According to him, the basic activities of people in the traditional society are agricultural ones, and passing to other phases can be made easier with stability supplied in the agricultural area. But he thinks that when development phases reach the mass consumption phase, the sectoral share of agriculture must be reduced to minor levels. The statements, including agricultural sector, of economists who work on development clearly suggest that the process’ first step is actually agriculture and soil. According to Rodan, an atmosphere of development may only arise with a minimum speed or size of investment. By putting forward that this process referred as “big push” will remove the obstacles, he actually emphasizes the agricultural sector which is effective in providing industrial’s raw material need and as well as in increasing variety. The contribution of agriculture to the economic development covers an important process from various aspects. Applied policies, which support promotion studies for industry, result in noticing the problems in agriculture sector during the development process. However, development process can occur by co-ordinately and harmoniously work of all sectors and by the productive usage of convenient workforce of these sectors. Development theories always evaluate less-developed countries through technology and industry that constitutes the missing aspect of the misunderstanding which has been continuing for years. Agriculture is the main source of a country. It’s the first activity to be supported in the course of development in proportion to the other branches either as the source of income or to satisfy the need of nourishment appropriately. A country can develop and market its industry with the provided raw materials and completing this in a cheap way. In this respect, evaluating the agriculture in the second plan in the development process causes an attitude which disrupts the development process. In the light of all this information, the aim of this study is to put forward the importance and the place of agriculture in the economic development and to mention the view of this case in Turkey.

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