Abstract:

The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between risk and risk factors with sport, to identify the risks that runners and competitors receive, to understand the level of impact of risks and to highlight the importance of risk management in sport. The study included 156 men and 63 women who competed in the Bodrun Ultra Marathon, which was held in the Bodrum district of Muğla, 219 athletes. During the development of the data collection tool, the risk assessment surveys used in the studies applied by Gök (2006), Çobanoğlu (2008) and Karataş (2012) in the volley, football and hentai fields have been reviewed and reorganized by the researcher, taking the expert opinions in a manner in accordance with the nature of the individual sport. 209 athletes were submitted to preliminary tests to determine the validity and reliability of the "Risk Assessment Scale" survey prepared in the likert type. According to the factor analysis for the validity of the data obtained in the pre-test results, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.708 and Bartlett's Test p=0,000. Basic Component Analysis (PCA) has found that the scale of 20 questions is in a four-factor structure. The Cronbach Alfa value calculated for the reliability of the measure was 0.849 and the Cronbach Alfa value calculated for the reliability of the measure. The data were analyzed by applying non-parametric Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests to the outcomes of the survey that did not show normal distribution. The responses given by participants to the "Risk Assessment Scale" in general; not statically significant differences according to the variables of gender, age, civil status (p>0,05); statically significant differences according to the general and sub-factors of the scale, the training status, the running year and the variables of being an athlete or club athlete (p<0,05). As a result, the risk assessment levels of those who participate in hazardous sports activities are not affected by variables of gender, age and civil status, while the year of training, the time of running and the value of becoming a sportsman or club athlete. As the level of training increases, the athletes become aware, they can better analyze the risks and results, and the athletes with a long run year experience of participating in the competition is high because the level of risk assessment is high. It is also seen that professional athletes associated with the club who are able to survive this job by taking the race professionally have a higher level of risk assessment.

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between risk and risk factors with sports, to determine the risks of athletes who run and participate at the races, to understand the effect level of the risks and to remark the importance of risk management in sports. The research was conducted on total of 219 participated athletes (156 men, 63 women) who competing in the Bodrun Ultra Marathon in Bodrum district of Muğla. Data collection tool was created with the help of the risk assessment questionnaires used in the studies conducted in Gök (2006), Çobanoğlu (2008) and Karataş (2012) in volleyball, football and handball branches were reviewed and the expert opinions were taken in accordance with the nature of the individual sport and were rearranged and developed by the researcher. In order to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire named "Risk Assessment Scale" prepared in Likert type, pre-tests were applied to 209 athletes. According to the factor analysis for the validity analysis of the data obtained from the pre-test; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0,708 and Bartlett's Test was p=0,000. As the result of Principle Component Analysis (PCA), it was found that the scale consisting 4 factors in the total of 20 questions. The Cronbach Alpha value calculated for the reliability of the scale was found as 0,849. The non-normally distributed data were analyzed by applying nonparametric Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests. In oder to answers of the survey; statistically significant differences were not found between gender, age and status (p>0,05). In the general and sub-factors of the scale, statistically significant differences in terms of education, year of running and individual or club runners were found (p<0,05). As the result, the risk assessment levels of athletes in risk involved sports activities; it is not affected by gender, age and status, it is seen that it is affected by education, year of running and being individual or club athlete. As the level of education increased, athletes can be analyzed the risks and results much better and athletes who run for along time to have high experience of race participation, thus the risk assessment levels were high. In addition, it is seen that, professional athletes in the club who earn his/her life by running, have high risk assessment level.

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